AUTOMOTIVE  WIRING  MANUAL 

The  Original  and   Official   Collection  of  Blueprint  \Viring  Diagrams 

Contains  Guaranteed  Correct  Circuit  Diagrams  Covering  all  Motor  Cars 
and  Trucks  from  1912  to  1920  inclusive;  Internal  ^firing  Connections  of 
Generators.  Starting  Motors,  Controllers,  etc.,  of  all  Electric  Starting  and 
Lighting  Systems:  Practical  Instructions  on  Testing,  Repairing  and  Main- 
tenance of  Storage  Batteries.  Generators.  Motors.  Coils,  etc. 


By   HARRY   LORIN    WELLS 

I 


•  •    •      • 

•  •   *  j? 

Price  $15.00 


' 


1920  EDITION 


PUBLISHED  BY 

AUTOMOTIVE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

440  SOUTH  DEARBORN  STREET  -  -  CHICAGO.  U.  S   A. 


COPYRIGHT  i 

AUTOMOTIVE  PUBLISHING  Co. 

^CHICAGO.  U.  S.  / 


O       R 


WORD 


O  those  engaged  in  the  repair  and  upkeep  of  automotive  electrical  equipment,  this 
Manual  will  prove  of  inestimable  value.  Its  use  will  greatly  simplify  the  location 
and  repair  of  electrical  troubles,  thus  rendering  prompt  and  efficient  service  to  the 
car  owner. 

This  Manual  is  the  original  and  official  compilation  of  blueprint  wiring  dia- 
grams in  book  form.  All  diagrams  are  authentic  and  accurate,  the  sources  or  data  from  which 
made  being  the  original  shop  or  working  blueprints  of  the  car  and  equipment  manufacturers,  and 
not  photographic  reproductions  from  instruction  books,  trade  periodicals,  etc.,  the  usual  source 
from  which  inaccurate  diagrams  are  frequently  compiled  and  offered  to  the  trade. 

By  reading  the  General   Instructions  one  can  understand  how  easily  electrical  circuits 
may  be  traced,  and  appreciate  the  simplicity  of  trouble  finding,  making  tests,  etc. 

Acknowledgment    is   hereby  made  to  the  car  and   equipment   manufacturers,  who  very 
courteously  furnished  data  and  other  aid  in  the  compilation  of  this  Manual. 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 


CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS 


Car 


Year 


Model 


Starting  A 
System 


Generator  No. 

,,r  Type 


Battery 

Voltage 


Ignition 


Coil 
or 


Wiring     Page 


Abbott-Detroit 

Acme  Truck 

Ahrens-Fox  Fire  Engine 

Alien    . 

Allen.  .  . 

Allen.  ... 

Allen .... 

Allen.  .  .  . 

Allen 

Allen 

Altor 

American 

American 

American 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Apportion 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Appereon 

Atterbury  Truck 

Auburn 

Auburn.  .  . 

Auburn 

Auburn 

Auburn.  . 
Auburn.  .  . 
Auburn.  .  .  . 

Austin 

Bell 

Bethlehem  Truck 

Biddle.  .  . 
Bour-Davis.  . 


1916-1917...     t>44 

1919-1920.  .  .     All  Models 

All  Models 

1914-1915...     34  and  33 

1914-1915...     35 

1916  37  Dim.  Bulbs 

1916 37  Rest.  Dim 

1917 Classic 

1918-1919.  .  .     41  and  18-A 

1919-1920...     43 

1915 

1914 Underslung 

1917-1918...  A 

1920 B 

1916 100  AB 

1919-1920...  20 

1913 

1913 4-45  and  4-55. 

1913 55  and  45 

1914        4-45,  6-45,  6-58 

1915 4-40  and  6-45 

1915 

1916 6-48,8-58 

1916-1917...  6-48.8-58,8-17,6-17. 

1918-1919..^  8-18  A 

1918-19-20..  8-18  A,  8-19,  8-20..  . 

1919-1920...  8-18 

1920 U.  8.  A.  Class  "B". . . 

1913-14-15 

1914 4-40,4-41,6-45,6-46. 

1915 6-40 

1916 4-38,  6-38,  6-40 

1916 6-40  A 

1918 6-44 

1917-18-19-20  6-39 

1917-1918...  HK12 

1916 16 

1918-19-20..  DX,  EX,  FX 

1919-1920.  .  .  All  Models 

1918-19-20..  All  Models.  . 


Conn 

Remy 


MB 

E.... 
V. ... 

V 

V.... 
GA... 
GA.. 


Mag. 
Mag. 


Remy 254 6...  Remy 

Gray  4  Davis Eisemann .  .  .      Mag. . 

Delco MG-79 12...  Delco 

W<wtinghoune 202 6...  West 

Auto  Lite G.  4  GA 6...  Conn 

Westinghousc 400 6.  .  .  West 

Westinghouse 400 6...  West 

Westinghouse 400 6...  West 

Auto  Lite GH 6...  Conn 

Aut.il.it,- GH 6. 

Remy 129-B 12. 

Disco 12 

Westinghouse 760 6...  AK CC. 

Westinghouse 760 6...  AK CC. 

Westinghouse 400 6...  West '    V. . . 

Westinghouse 760 6...  Remy 

Ward-Leonard 6...  Bosch 

Esterline HG 6...  Bosch 

Gray  4  Davis Gl 6.  . .  Bosch 

Bijur K620 6.  . .  Bosch 

Bijur L621 6.  . .  Remy 175. . 

Westinghouse 208 6.  . .  Bosch Mag. 

Westinghouse 208 6.  . .  Remy 175 .. 

Bijur L61 6...  Remy 175.. 

Bijur M265 6...  Remy 176.. 

Bijur M255 6...  Remy 

Bijur M255 6.  .  .  Remy 

Delco 139 6...  Delco 

Remy SL 6...  Bosch. 

Remy SL 6...  Bosch 

Delco MG-58 6...  Delco. 

Remy 166,240,241 6...  Remy 

Delco MG-73 6...  Delco. 

Delco MG-83 6.  . .  Delco. 

Remy 168-E-230C 6. . .  Remy 

Delco G-87 6...  Delco 2123. 

Ward-Leonard RM 12...  AK II... 

Gray  4  Davis 6...  G4D 

Gray  4  Davis 220 6...  Conn 

Remy 166,  240,  241 6.    .  Remy 


Mag.. 
Mag.. 
2111. 


2120. 
2142. 


8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . 
D.  C..  .. 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C. .  . . 
D.  C..  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
D.  C..  . . 
D.  C.. . . 
D.C..  . 
D.  C.. . . 
D.  C.... 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
D.  C..  . . 
8.  C. .  . . 
D.  C..  . . 
D.  C.... 
8.  C. . . . 
D.  C.... 
D.C.... 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
S.  C.  .  . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C. .  . . 
8.  C.  .  . . 
8.  C.  .  .  . 

s.c 

S.  C.  . 


1 

2 
:< 
4 
5 
6 
7 
I 
I 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
U 
32 
:t:t 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 


CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Starting  &  Lighting 

5     Generator  No. 

Battery 

Ignition 

Coil  Type 

Car 

Year 

Model 

System 

or  Type 

Voltage 

System 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Brewster  

1920  

91  

U.  S.'L  

.     E-196  

.  ...     12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

41 

Briscoe  

1915  

B-15  .,  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  . 

.     A25-28-29  

.  ...      12... 

G.  &  D  



.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

42 

Briscoe  

1916  

4-38  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  . 

.     A25-28-29  

....     12... 

Conn  

.     GO  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

43 

Briscoe  

1916  

8-38  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  . 

.     A25-28-29  

....     12... 

Remy 

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

44 

Briscoe  

1917-18-19  .  . 

4-24  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  . 

.     GH  

.  ...       6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

45 

Briscoe  

1920  

4-34  

Auto  Lite  

.     GH  

6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

.  .  .  .     S.  C  

46 

Brown  

1916  

Allis-Chalmers.  .  .  . 

.     SH  

....       6... 

Conn  

.     GO  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

47 

Buick  

1914  

B-24,  B-25  

Delco  

.     MG  26-40  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2107  

.  .  .  .     S.  C  

48 

Buick  

1914  

B-36,  B-37  

Delco  

.     MG  33-42  

....       6... 

Delco  

.     2107  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  , 

49 

Buick  

1915  

C-24,  C-25  

Delco  

.     MG  56  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

.  .  .  .     S.  C  

50 

Buick  

1915  

C-36,  37,  54,  55  

Delco  

.     MG51  

....       6... 

Delco  

,  .     2111  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

51 

Buick  

1916  

54,  55  

Delco  

.     MG  69  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2123-30  

.  .  .  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

52 

Buick  

1916  

D-44,  45,  54,  55  

Delco  

.     MG69  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2123  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

53 

Buick  

1917  

D-6,44,45,46,47  

Delco  

.     MG  70  

....       6... 

Delco  

,  .     2130  

.  .  .  .     S.  C  

53 

Buick  

1917  

D-34,  35  

Delco  

.     MG  94  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2138  

.  .  .  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

54 

Buick  

1918:  

E-34,  35  

Delco  

.     MG115  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2138  

.  ...     S.  C.  ... 

54 

Buick  

1918  

E-Six-44,  45,  46,  47,  49,  50  .  . 

Delco  :  

.     MG117  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2157  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

55 

Buick  

1919  

H  Series  

Delco  

.     MG  117  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2157  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

55 

Buick  

1920  

K  

Delco  

.     MG117  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2157  

.  ...     S.  C.   .. 

56 

Buick  Truck  

1915  

C-4  

Delco  

.     MG  61-71  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

57 

Buick  Truck  

1916  

D-4  

Delco  

.     MG  76  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2123-30  

.  .  .  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

58 

Cadillac  

1912  

Delco  

.     MG1  

6-24. 

Delco  

.  .     2022-45  

.  ...     D.  C.... 

59 

Cadillac  

1913  

Delco  

.     MG4  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2092-3  

.  ...     D.  C... 

60 

Cadillac  

1914  

Delco  

.     MG24  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2104  

.  ...     S.  C.  .  .. 

61 

Cadillac  

1915  

Type  51  

Delco  

.     MG  44  

....       6... 

Delco  

.     2115  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

62 

Cadillac  

1916  

Type  53  

Delco  

.     MG  78  

6.  .. 

Delco  

.     2115  

.  ...     S.  C  

63 

Cadillac  

1917-18-19  .  . 

55  and  57  

Delco  

.     MG  98  

6... 

Delco  

.     2115  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

64 

Cadillac  

1920  

59  

Delco  

.     MG  162  

....       6... 

Delco  

.     2115  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

65 

Cartercar  

1914  

7  

Delco  

.     MG32  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2102  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  , 

66 

Cartercar  

1915  

9  

Delco  

.     MG53  

6.  .. 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

.  .  .  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

67 

Case  

1914-1915.  .  . 

O  

Westinghouse  

.     208  

....       6... 

Bosch  .... 

.  .     Mag  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  , 

68 

Case  

1914-1915.  .  . 

R  

Westinghouse  

.     208  

6.  .. 

Bosch  .... 

Mag  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  , 

69 

Case  

1914-1915... 

S  

Westinghouse  

.     208  

....       6... 

Bosch  

.      Mag  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

70 

Case  

1915  

R  

Westinghouse  

.     208  

6.  .. 

Bosch  .... 

.     Mag  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

71 

Case  

1916  

T  

Westinghouse  

.     400  

....       6... 

West  

..     V  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

72 

Case  

1917  

T  

Auto  Lite  

.     GH  

....       6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

73 

Case  

1918  

U  

Westinghouse  

.     760  

....       6... 

West  

.     V  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

74 

Case  

1920  

V  

Westinghouse  

.     760  

....       6... 

Bosch  .... 

.     Mag  

.  .  .  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

75 

Case  

1920  

V  

Westinghouse  

.     760  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .  .  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

76 

Chalmers  

1913-1914.  .  . 

17,  18,  19  

Gray  &  Davis.  .  .  . 

.     G  

....       6... 

Bosch  .... 

.     Mag  

.  ...     D.  C.... 

77 

Chalmers  

1914  

24  

Entz  

.     24  

18.  .. 

Bosch  .... 

Mag  

.  ...     D.  C.... 

78 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Confin 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  4  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Hilt  (.TV 

Ignition 
System 

(•o,l   TV,,.- 

or  No. 

Wiring 

P* 

liners  

1915  

.     26  

Kntx  

26  

18... 

A.  K  

..     K2  

D.C..  .. 

79 

liners  

1915  



Entz  

29-268  

18... 

A.  K  

..     K2  

D.  C.... 

80 

Chalmers  

1915-1916.  .  . 

ii-40  

Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

A.  K  

K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

81 

ihners  

1916  

,     35  

Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Remy  

..     171  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

82 

Imers  Six  30.  .  .  . 

1917-1918.  .  . 

35-A,  35-B  

Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Remy 

..     171  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

a 

!mcrs  

1818-1919.  .  . 

Early  Models  

Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Remy 

• 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

84 

•i-  ' 

1919  

35-C  

Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Remy  .... 

S.  C.  .  .  . 

84 

men 

1920  

630  

Westinghouse  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

85 

•nller  

1913  

Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Bosch  .... 

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

n 

•  .il.-r           

1914  

Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Bosch.... 

..     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

87 

dl  r               

1914-1915... 

Gray  4  Davis  

220  

6... 

Bosch  

.  .     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

88 

ndler  

1916  

Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Bosch  

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

89 

il.T                  

1916  

17  

Gray  4  Davis  

220  

6... 

Bosch  

.-     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

90 

[idler  

1917-18-19  .  . 

Light  Wt.  Six  

Gray  4  Davis  . 

220  

6... 

Bosch  

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

91 

[idler  

1920  

Gray  4  Davis  

6... 

Bosch.... 

.  .     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

92 

1915  

H-2.  H-3,  H-4,  Early  Models. 

Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

..    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

93 

Chevr.il.-t 

1915  

H-2,  H-3,  H-4  Mid  Season  .  . 

Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

..    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

94 

rolet 

1915  

H-2,  H-3,  H-*,  Late  Models 

Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

..    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

95 

•    . 

1915-1916.  .  . 

H-2M.  H-3.  H-4  

Auto  lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

..    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

96 

1916-1917.  .  . 

490  

Auto  Lite  

GH  

6... 

Conn  

.  .    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

97 

1916-1917.  .  . 

490  

Auto  Lite  

GH  

6... 

Conn  

.  .     GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

98 

1917-1918.  .  . 

F-2,  F-5  

Auto  Lite  

GH  

6... 

Remy  .... 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

99 

••  li  ' 

1918  

D-4,  D-5  

Auto  Lite  

GH  

6... 

Remy  .... 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

100 

•   .  • 

1919  

490  

Auto  Lite  

GC  

6... 

Remy  .... 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

101 

Chevrolet  .  .  . 

1920  

490  

Auto  Lite  

GC  

6... 

Remy  .... 

S.  C.  .  .  . 

102 

.•land.  .  . 

1919-1920.  .  . 

40  

Gray  4  Davis  

i.     , 

G4D..  .. 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

103 

. 

1912  

30-40  

Ward-Leonard  

6... 

Split  

.  .     Mag  

D.C 

104 



1913  

4-40,  4-50,  6-60  

Delco  

MG12.  MG8,  MG15  . 

I.--JI 

Delco  

.  .     2045,2045,2094.. 

D.C.... 

105 



1914  

4  

Delco  

MG  27-37  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2105  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

106 

Cole 

1914  

6  

Delco  

MG  27-37-B  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2105  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

107 

Cole. 

1915-1916.  .  . 

4-4046-66  

Delco  

MG  65  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

108 

Cole.                  

1915  

6-50  

Delco  

MG  59  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

8.  C.  .  . 

109 

Cole  

1916  

8-50  

Delco  

G62  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2117  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

110 

1917-1918.  .  . 

8-60  

Delco  

G91-131  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2123-2162-72  .... 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

111 



.......     1919  

Early  Models  

Delco  

138  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2162  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

111 

Aero  Kinht  

1919-1920.  .  . 

8-70  

Delco  

153  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2127  

8.  C.  .  . 

iia 

Columbia  

1917-1918.  .  . 

All  Models  

Ward-Leonard  

R4M  

6... 

A.  K  

..     CC  

8.C 

113 

imbia  

1919-1920.  .  . 

Series  7-W  

Auto  Lite  

SK12  

6... 

Conn  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

111 

Comet.  .  .  . 

1920  

C-53  

Wagner  

EM  346  

6... 

Wagner.  .  . 

.'.     KD  147  

8.  C.      . 

li:. 

Commerce  Truck 

E  

Remy  

2l'.t-H  

6... 

Remy  .... 

..     48  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

116 

Commonwealth.  .  .  . 

1920  

42  

Dyneto  

C-176  

6... 

A.  K  

.  .    CC  

8.  C 

117 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continual 


Starting  &  Lighting  Generator  No.               Battery  Ignition  Coil  Type 

Car                                 Year                               Model                                 System                       or  Type                   Voltage  System  or  No.  Wiring      Page 

Crawford 1915 6 Westinghouse 280 6...  West 280 S.  C.  .  .  .  118 

Crawford 1916 Westinghouse 400 6. . .  West V S.  C.  .  . .  119 

CrowElkhart 1916 25-30 Disco DD 12...  Conn GA S.  C 120 

CrowElkhart 1916-1917...  CE  30-33 Dyneto VA 6...  Conn GA S.  C 121 

CrowElkhart 1917-18-19..  K  &  H  32,  34,  36,  42,  44,  46  Dyneto C162-C164 6...  Conn GA S.  C 122 

CrowElkhart 1920". H&L Dyneto C44 6...  Conn GA S.  C.  .  . .  122 

Cunningham 1913-1914.  .  .  M North  East B1102 16. ..  Bosch Mag D.  C..  .  .  123 

Cunningham 1916 4 Westinghouse 280 6 S.  C.  .  . .  124 

Cunningham 1916-1917...  V Westinghouse 400 6...  West V S.  C -    125 

Cunningham 1918-1919...  V-3 Westinghouse 760 6...  West,  or  Del.     2162 S.  C 126 

Daniels 1916-17-18..  A-8 Westinghouse 400 6...  West V S.  C 127 

Daniels 1919-1920...  D-19 Delco 169 6...  Delco 2127 S.  C 128 

Dart 1916 B&C Westinghouse 283 6...  West 283 S.  C 129 

Davis 1915 38  A-B-C Westinghouse 243 6...  West 243 S.  C 130 

Davis 1916 C-38,  6-E,  6-G Delco MG  73,  81,  83 6...  Delco 1058-67 S.  C 131 

Davis 1917-18-19-20  6-H,  I  &  K Delco G-105 6...  Delco 2139 S.  C 132 

Deering  Magnetic 1918 Owen 28...  Bosch Mag D.  C..  . .  133 

Detroit  Electric 62,  63,  64,  65,  66 D.  C..  . .  134 

Detroiter 1915 D Eemy SL3 6...  Remy S.  C 135 

Detroiter 1916 6-45 Auto  Lite GH 6...  Conn GA S.  C 136 

Detroiter 1917 6-45 Auto  Lite GH 6...  Conn GA S.  C 137 

Dixie  Flyer 1916-1917...  L-3 Dyneto VA 6...  Conn COM D.  C..    .  138 

Dixie  Flyer 1918-19-20..  "L"  Series  35 Dyneto C-69,  C-284 6...  Conn COM S.  C.  .  .  .  139 

Dodge Single  Wire  Str North  East MGD 12...  Eisemann.  .  .      Mag S.  C.  .  . .  140 

Dodge Single  Wire  Str North  East MGD 12...  Delco 2128 S.  C 141 

Dodge Two  Wire  Str North  East MGD 12...  Delco 2128 S.  C 142 

Dodge 1915 North  East MGD 12...  Delco 2128 S.  C.  .  . .  143 

Dodge 1916 North  East MGD 12...  Eisemann...      Mag S.  C.  .  . .  144 

Dodge 1916 Internal  Diag North  East MGD 12...  Eisemann...      Mag S.  C 145 

Dodge 1917-18-19..  30 North  East MGD 12...  N-E S.  C 146 

Dodge 1920 North  East MGD 12...  N-E S.  C 147 

Dorris 1913 H Westinghouse 400 6...  West V S.  C 148 

Dorris 1913-1914.  .  .  H Westinghouse 208 6. . .  Bosch Mag S.  C 149 

Dorris 1914 I Westinghouse 208 6. . .  Bosch Mag S.  C 150 

Dorris 1915 I-A-4 Westinghouse 280 6...  West 280 S.  C 151 

Dorris 1916 I-A-6 Westinghouse 208 6. . .  Bosch Mag..  .  .' S.  C 152 

Dorris 1917 I-B-6 Westinghouse 208 6. . .  Bosch Mag S.  C 153 

Dorris 1918 I-C-6 Westinghouse 208 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C 154 

Dorris 1919 Early  Models Westinghouse 760 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C 154 

Dorris 1919 K-4 Westinghouse 760 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C 155 

Dorris 1920 6-80 Westinghouse 760 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C 156 


CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Co»tin«a 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  A  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No.             1 
orType                 1 

fait.  TV 

•nltilg.- 

Ignition 

SyMein 

<'.,ilTv|*- 
or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

1916  

4  and  5  

.     Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  . 

A-25.  28.  29  

12-6.. 

Conn  

GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

in 

Dort 

.  .     I'.Uii 



.     Westinghousc  

400  

6... 

Conn  

GO  

8.C 

158 

Dort 

191li  

With  and  without  Am  

.     West  inghouse  

400  

6... 

Conn  

GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

159 

Dort 

UHT 

9  

.     WestinghouRp  

400  

6... 

Conn  

GO  

160 

Dort 

.     1918-1919.  .  . 

11    

.     Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Conn  

GO  

8.( 

161 

Dort 

1920 

39  

.     Westinghouse  

717  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ir'.J 

BMI 

1916 

.     Splitdorf-Apeloo  .  .  . 

A-25.  28,  29  

124. 

AK  

K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

163 

Kl.-:ir                                

1917-18-19  .  . 

D-E-FandG... 

.     Dyneto  

C-176,  C-44.  C-162.  .  . 

6... 

AK  

CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

164 

Kl<-:ir                              

..     1920 

K-4  

.     Delco  

165-176  

6... 

Delco  

2159  

8.0 

165 

•fin 

..     1917-lOls 

6  

.     Wagner  

KM  1HO-165  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

166 

Elgin   . 

..     1919  

11      

.     Wagner  

EM  200  

6... 

Wagner  

KD  147  . 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

166 

Kill!'. 

.       1920  

II  

.     Wagner  

EM  352  

6... 

Wagner  

KD  147  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

167 

Empire.  . 

..     1915  

31-40  

Remy  

MG  129  

12... 

Remy  

49  

8.  C 

168 

Empire.  . 

.     1915-1916.  .  . 

33  

.     Remy  

MG  129  

12... 

Remy  

49  

8.  C.  . 

M 

Empire  

..     1916  

40-45  

.     Auto  Late  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

GA  

B.C. 

170 

Empire  

..     1916  

60  

.     Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

171 

Empir. 

.  .     1916-17-18  .  . 

45  and  51  

.    Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

172 

Empire  

.     1917-18-19  .  . 

50-70  A  

.     Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

Conn  

GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

173 

Enger 

..     1914  

North  East  

A-1080  

16... 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.  C..  .  . 

174 

Knger                   

..      HUtl-l'.ilT 

TU-12  

.     Westinghouse  

400  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

175 

r  ~  \            

.     1919  

.     Delco  

133-136  

6... 

MM 

2127  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

176 

•MI 

.     1920 

A  

.     Delco  

166  

6... 

Ddco  

2127  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

ITT 

Excelsior  Motorcycle  

C  

Remy  

C  

6... 

Remy  

C  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

178 

Fiat.  .                

..     1914  

.     Wc8tinghou.se  

202  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

179 

Fiat.                  

.     1914 

.     Gray  A  Davis  

E  

r, 

Bosch 

Mag  

8.  C 

180 



1914-1915.  .  . 

.     Westinghouse  

230  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.C 

1M 



.     1915  

Singh-  Wire  

.     Rushmore  

DSG-5  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

1916-1917.  .  . 

E-17  Chassis  

.     Westinghouse  

560  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Fiat 

1917  

.     Bosch-Rushmore.  .  . 

D8G-5  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

IM 

Fiat.  . 

I'.'IT 

.     Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C. 

isa 

Fiat. 

r.'iT    

C-3  Chassis  

.     Bosch  

D8G-5  

12... 

Bosch 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Fiat. 

1918-19-20  .  . 

2-3-A  

.     Fiat  

u... 

Fiat.  . 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  . 

ua 

Fiat                              

..     1920  

501-5-10  (Imported)  

.     Fiat  

u 

Fiat  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

IV, 

Firestone  Columbus  

..     1913  

.     North  East  

A-1000  

16... 

Split  

Mag 

D.C.... 

189 

Fisher  

..     1916 

.     Remy  

6... 

Remy 

8.  C 

190 

Ford  Standard  Wiring.  .  .  . 

Ford  

8.  0 

!••! 

Ford  

.     1919-1920.  .  . 

Coupe  and  Sedan  

.     Liberty  F.  A  

FA  

6... 

Ford. 

Ford  

8.C. 

199 

Ford 

.     A.  B.  C  

FA  

6... 

Ford  

Ford 

8.C. 

Ford 

.     Disco  

FA  

1.' 

Ford  

Knr.l 

8.C 

194 

Ford. 

•J  I'nit  Stand.  Installation.  .. 

Disco  

•jr  

6... 

Ford  

K.T.I. 

s  c 

195 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Starting  &  Lighting 

Generator  No. 

Battery 

Ignition 

Coil  Type 

Car 

Year 

Model 

System 

or  Type 

Voltage 

System 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Ford  

B  Revised  

Dyneto  

B  

....     12... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C.  .  . 

196 

Ford  

Everready  

B  

6-12. 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

197 

Ford  

Fisher  

B  

....     12... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C  

198 

Ford  

Genemotor  

101-103  

....     12... 

Ford.  ..."... 

Ford  

..     D.  C.  .. 

199 

Ford  

Single  Unit  

Gray  &  Davis  

SU  

....       6... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

200 

Ford  

Two  Unit  

Gray  &  Davis  

2U  

6.  .. 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

201 

Ford  

33  

Heinze-Springfield  .  . 

33  

....       6... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C.  .  .  , 

202 

Ford  

33  Intl.  Wiring  

Heinze-Springfield  .  . 

331-W  

....       6... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C.  .  .  . 

203 

Ford  

Leece-NeviJle  

Ford  

....     24... 

Ford  

Ford  

..     D.  C.... 

204 

Ford  

.     1913  

North  East  

1913  Ford  

....     12... 

Ford  

Ford  

...     D.  C... 

205 

Ford  

D  Type  1210  

North  East  

D-1210  

....     24... 

Ford  

Ford  

..     D.  C... 

206 

Ford  

D  Type  1252  

North  East  

D-1252  

....     12... 

Ford  

Ford  

...     D.  C... 

207 

Ford  

Simms-Huff  

Ford  

....     12... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .     S.  C.  .  .  , 

208 

Ford  

Westinghouse  

Ford  

....     12... 

Ford  

Ford  

.  .    S.  C.  .  .  . 

209 

F.  W.  D.  Truck  

North  East  

G  

....     24... 

Eisemann.  .  . 

Mag  

..     D.  C... 

460 

Four  Wheel  Drive  Truck.  .  . 

North  East  

D-3547  

....     24... 

Eisemann.  .  . 

Mag  

..     D.  C..., 

210 

Franklin  

.     1913-1914.  .  . 

Series  2D-H-M  

Entz  

A  

12... 

AK  

.     K2  

.  .     D.  C... 

211 

Franklin  

.     1913-1914.  .  . 

Series  3-M  

Entz  

B  

12... 

AK  

K2  

...     D.  C... 

.     212 

Franklin  

.     1914-15-16  .  . 

Series  6-M,  Berl  

Entz  

BL  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

...     D.  C... 

213 

Franklin.  .'.  

.     1914-15-16  .  . 

Series  6-M  Run.  and  Tour  .  . 

Entz  

BL  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

...     D.  C... 

,     214 

Franklin  

.     1914-15-16  .  . 

Series  6-M  Sedan  

Entz  

BL  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

.  .  .     D.  C.  .  . 

.    215 

Franklin  

.     1915  

Sedan  

Dyneto  

BL  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     216 

Franklin  

.     1916  

Berline  Type  

Dyneto  

BL  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     217 

Franklin  

.     1916  

8-M  

Dyneto  

BL  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     218 

Franklin  

.     1917-18-19-20 

Series  9  

Dyneto  

KIR  

12... 

AK  

.     K  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     219 

Gait  

.     1913  

North  East  

A-1000  

....     16... 

Split  

.     Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     220 

Gardner  

.     1920  

G  

Westinghouse  

717  

6... 

West  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     221 

S.  G.  Gay  &  Co  

.     1915  

.     Allis-Chalmers  

SU  

6.  .. 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     222 

G.  M.  C.  Truck  

.     1917  

All  Models  

Delco  

G95  

6... 

Delco  

.     2134  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     223 

G.M.C.  Truck  

.     1919-1920.  .  . 

All  Models  

Delco  

163  

6... 

Delco  

.     2134  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     224 

Glide  

.     1913-1914.  .  . 

36-42  

.     Westinghouse  

230  

6... 

West  

.     230  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     225 

Glide  

.     1914  

30  

Westinghouse  

230  

6... 

West  

.     230  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     226 

Glide  

.     1915  

30  

.     Westinghouse  

230  

.....       6... 

West  

.     230  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     227 

Glide  

.     1916-1917.  .  . 

6-40  

.     Westinghouse  

280  

6... 

West  

.     V  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     228 

Glide  

.     1918  

Light  Six  40  

.     Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

West  

.     V  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     229 

Gramm-Bernstein  Truck.  .  . 

.     North  East  

M-3704  

6... 

Northeast  .  . 

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     230 

Grant  

.     1915-1916.  .  . 

4  

.     Allis-Chalmers. 

SU  

6... 

AK  

.     K2  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     231 

Grant  

.     1915-1916.  .  . 

6  

.     Allis-Chalmers.  .  .  . 

.     SU  

6... 

AK  

.     K  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     232 

Grant  

.     1916  

Allis-Chalmers.  .  .  . 

.     SU  

6... 

AK  

.     K  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     233 

Grant  

.     1916-17-18  .  . 

K  

.     Wagner  

.     EM  165  

6... 

Remy  

.     171-A  

.  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     234 

Grant  

.     1918  

G  

.     Wagner  

.     EM  189-165.  .  .  . 

6... 

Remy  

.     171-A  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     235 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continu«d 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  &  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

If:,  It,  TV 

Ignition 
System 

OoflTnx 

or  No. 

\\mi.K 

Pate 

Grant  

•o  

H  

Wagner  

EM  189-A  

6... 

AK  

CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

H    \    I 

r'it>-l7-18  .. 

1.'  

400 

6... 

Delco-Rfin  v  . 

B.C. 

237 

Halladav   . 

1913-1914.  .  . 

G  and  32  

iro  

D-SL  

24... 

Split  

Mag  

D.  C..  .  . 

Ml 

Halladnv 

1915  .  ... 

6-40  

Westinghouse  

243  

6... 

West  

243  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

HI 

Halladav 

I'.ilf, 

R  

Westinghouse  

400  

6... 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

240 

Hanson  Six 

1918-1919.  .  . 

Auto  Lite  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

241 

Hanson  -  . 

1920  



Delco  

165  

6... 

Delco  

2159. 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

rcyclc 

r.u:.   

Rrmy  

HD  

i, 

Rcmy  

HD  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

243 

Harlcy-Davi                   •n-yillii. 

1910-1917.  .  . 

Ilrniy  

HD  

6... 

Remy  

HD  

244 

Harroun  

1917-18-19  .  . 

A  A  1  

Remy  

233A  

6... 

AK  

CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

245 

Harroun  

I'.'jn       

AA2  

Remy  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

.    . 

1914  

North  East  

A-1000  

16... 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.  C..  .  . 

247 



1913  

24  

Leece-Neville.  . 

12... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

i.  .  .  .                 

1914  

26,  27,  28  

Leece-Neville  

12... 

Bosch..  ... 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

249 

Haynes  

1914  

26,  27,  28  Vulcan  El.  Gr.  Shift 

Leece-Neville  

12... 

D.C.... 

250 

Haynes  

1915  

30  

Leece-Neville  

6... 

Rcmy  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

261 

Hay  m*  ...                   

1916  

34  and  35  

Leece-Neville  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

MI 

- 

1916-1917.  .  . 

36,  36R.37  

Leece-Neville  

6... 

Remy 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

n 

1917-18-19  .  . 

40.40R,  41  

Leece-Neville  

6... 

Delco  

2144 

D.  C..  .  . 

254 



1918-19-20  .  . 

38,39,398,45  

Leece-Neville  

6... 

Kingston  .... 

D.  C..  .  . 

Ml 

Henderson  

1913-1914.  .  . 

Ward-Leonard  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag. 

D.C.... 

256 

Hrooks  

1915  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  . 

A25,  28,29  

12-6. 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.  C..  .  . 

HcrfT-Hrooks  

1916  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  . 

A25,  28,29  

12-6. 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

258 

Hollier  

1916  

8  

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  . 

A25.28.29  

12-8. 

AK  

K  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

1917  

166  

Allia-Chalmen  

MG9-R  

6... 

AK  

K  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

MO 

a 

1918  

188,  206  

Splitdorf  

A25,  28,29  

12-6. 

AK    

K  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

261 

Hollier 

1920  

206-B  

Westinghouse  

717  

6... 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

1918-19-20  .  . 

I  

Dyneto  

KIR  

12... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

263 

Howard 

1917  

Delco  

101  

6... 

Delco  

2139  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ji'l 

Hudson  .  .    

1913  

37  and  54  

Delco  

M<:->  

6-24. 

Delco  

2095-97  

D.C.... 

MB 

Hudson...                   

1914-1915.  .  . 

6-40  

Delco  

Mil  15  

6... 

Delco  

2112  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

Hudson  

1914-1915.  .  . 

6-54  

Delco  

MG20  

6... 

Delco  

2101  

8.  C.  .  .  .• 

267 

Hudson 

1916  

6-40.. 

Ddco  

MG66  

6... 

Delco  

2116  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

Hudson  Su|x-r  Six  

1916-17-18-19-20  

Delco  

MG82  

6... 

Delco  

2127. 

269 

Hupmol.il. 

1914-1915.  .  . 

II  \  

Westinghousc  

208  

6... 

A  K    

K... 

270 

bill 

1915  

K  

Westinghouse  

600  

6... 

AK  

K  

1916  

N  

Bijur  

L61-M255  

6... 

AK  

272 

Bi 

1916-1917.  .  . 

N  

Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

AK  

K... 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

273 

Hupmobile  

1918  

R  

Hijur  

L61-M255  

6... 

A  K  

CC.  ... 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

274 

Hupin,  ,: 

1919  

Early  

Hijur  

L61-M255  

6... 

A  K  

CC.  . 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

J7I 

Hupmoln  V 

1919-1920 

R-3  

MiKhouse  

760  

0... 

><••'">•  

xiii 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  &  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Battery 
Voltage 

Ignition 
System 

Coil  Type 
or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

1913 

34 

North  East 

A-1000     

16     . 

A  K.. 

K 

D  C 

276 

Imperial 

1914 

32,  34  39  44,  54,  56  ... 

North  East  

A-1080  

16... 

AK... 

K 

D  C 

277 

Imperial   

.     1914 

34             

.  .  .     North  East  

B-1102  

16... 

AK  

.  .     K  

D  C 

278 

Indian  Motorcycle 

.     Splitdorf  

6   .. 

Split. 

S  C 

279 

Inter  Har.  Truck 

.  .  .     North  East  

D-1253  

12... 

S  C 

280 

Inter  Har  Truck 

FandH 

Bosch 

.    .  .       6 

Bosch  .  . 

Mag. 

S  C 

281 

Inter  Har.  Truck 

1918 

F,  G,  H,  K     ... 

North  East       

L-3578  

6.  .. 

Heinze.  .    . 

.  .     Mag  

S  C 

282 

Inter.  Har.  Truck.  .  . 

.  .  .    .         1918         

All   

.  .  .     North  East  

G-3566  

12... 

Heinze.  .  .  . 

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C. 

283 

Interstate 

1909-10-11 

25-34 

Incl.  Ignition  only  . 

Split.. 

Mag  

S  C 

284 

Interstate   .  . 

1912 

40  41  42   

.    .     Apelco  

SU30  

30... 

AK  

.  .     Uni.  S  

.  .  .     D.  C. 

285 

Interstate 

1912 

50  51  52 

Apelco             

SU30  

30  .. 

Split.. 

Mag  

D  C 

286 

Interstate   .  . 

1913-1914     . 

45 

Apelco  

SU30  

30... 

Split  

Mag  

.  .  .     D.  C. 

287 

1915-16-17-18 

TF 

Remy 

16-B        

6     . 

Remy  .  .  . 

Mag.   .  .  . 

S.  C 

288 

Interstate.  . 

1915-16-17-18 

Tand  TR.  . 

Remv.  . 

18.. 

6.. 

Remv  .  . 

S.  C.  . 

289 

Jackson 1913 43 Auto  Lite GF 6...     Remy LC D.  C..  .  .  290 

Jackson 1914-1915...     46 North  East L 6...     Remy LC D.  C..  .  .  291 

Jackson 1915 46 Auto  Lite GF 6...     Conn GO S.  C 292 

Jackson 1915 48,  6-40 Delco MG59 6. . .     Delco 2111 S.  C 293 

Jackson 1915-1916...     44 North  East L 6...     Conn GO S.  C.  .  .  .  294 

Jackson 1916 34 Auto  Lite GA 6...     Conn GO S.  C 295 

Jackson 1916 68 Auto  Lite GO 6...     Conn GO S.  C.  .  . .  296 

Jackson 1916 348 Auto  Lite GG 6...     Conn GO S.  C 297 

Jackson 1917-1918...     349 Auto  Lite GG 6...     Conn GO S.  C 298 

Jackson 1920 6-38 ' Auto  Lite GH 6...     Conn GO S.  C 299 

Jackson  FWD  Truck Dyneto C44 6...  Fisemann  .  .  .  Mag S.  C 300 

Jeffery 1915 Four U.  S.  L E4,  11,  19,  20,  38 12...     Bosch Mag D.  C..  . .  301 

Jeffery 1915 Chesterfield  Six Bijur K620,  621 6...     Bosch. Mag D.  C..  .  .  302 

Jeffery 1916 462 Bijur L-61,  M-255 6...     Bosch Mag S.  C 303 

Jeffery 1917 671 Bijur L-61,  M-255 6...     Bosch Mag S.  C 304 

Jeffery  Rap.  Ser.  Truck 1016 Bijur L-61,  M-255 6...     Dixie Mag S.  C 305 

Jones 1919-1920 Auto  Lite GH 6.  . .     Conn. GA S.  C.  .  . .  306 

Jordan 1916-1917...     60  and  B Bijur L-61,  M-255 6...     Bosch Mag S.  C 307 

Jordan : 1918-1919...     60  and  FI Bijur L-61,  M-255 6...     Delco 2159 S.  C.  .  . .  308 

Jordan 1920 M .  Delco 165 6. . .     Delco 2159 S.  C 309 

Kankakee 1919 Delco 101 6...     Delco 2158 S.  C 310 

King 1915 C-4 Ward-Leonard AX-AL 6...     AK K S.  C 311 

King 1915 8 Ward-Leonard AX-AL 6...     AK K D.  C..  .  .  312 

King 1916 E Ward-Leonard RM 6...     AK K S.  C 313 

King 1917-18-19-20    EE,  G,  H Ward-Leonard RM 6...     AK CC S.  C.  314 

Kissel 1913-1914...     4-40,6-48,6-60 Esterline B 12...     Bosch Mag D.  C....  315 

Kissel  Kar 1914 ....     4-40 Esterline B 6...     Bosch Mag D.  C..  316 

xiv 


CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS-Continu.d 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  A  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 

lliti.rv 
Volt:,g.. 

Ignition 
nL-i  ,  , 

>\  M<  III 

OcflTjrp. 

or  No. 

Wiring 

RHP 

.  .  .     1915  

4-36  

Westinghouae  

280  

6 

Wort.  

280  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

317 

Kissel  K»r 

.     1915-16-17  .  . 

6-42  

Westinghouse  

208  

«... 

Eiaemann.  .  . 

Mag  

8.C 

318 

Kissel  Knr 

.    .     1916  

4032,  4-38  

Westinghouae  

208  

a... 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

319 

.  .     1917-1918.  .  . 

Double  Six  

Delco  

760  

«... 

Delco  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

M 

Kinrl  K   • 

IM8-19 

Hundred  Pt.  Six  

Remy  

245-B  

1 

Remy  

172-A  

8.C 

321 

Kline  K:tr 

..  .    I«.M  3-1  '.n  i 

B-4-40.  6-50.  6-60,  O4-30.  .  . 

Rushmore  

DSG5  

«... 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.C.... 

322 

Kline  Kar. 

...      l'.Mti-17-l^ 

6-36  

Westinghouse  

400  

11.  . 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C 

323 

Kline  Knr 

...      1920  

6-55  

Wagner  

EM305  

«... 

Conn  

GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

:iJI 

Knox  Tnirk 

35  and  36  

Bijur  

A2309B  

«... 

Bosch  

Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

:;.'". 

Krit.  . 

...      lill.-. 

North  East  

D1255  

12... 

Boach  

Mag  

D.C.... 

M 

LaFavc-tt. 

...     1920  

All  Models  

Delco  

MG162  

6... 

Delco  

•.'11.-.  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

327 

Leach-Biltw.-ll 

...     1920  

Power  Plus  Six  

Delco  

6... 

Delco  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

•1 

Lexington 

.     191") 

4-K,  6-L  

Westinghouae  

230  

8... 

West  

230  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

M 

Lexington 

.     1916  

6-N  

Westinghouse  

760  

«... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

HI 

Lexington 

1916-1917.  .  . 

O  

Westinghouse  

400  

«... 

Conn  

GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

331 

Lexington.  . 

1918-1919.  .  . 

R  

Westinghouae  

400  

«... 

Conn  

GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

331 

Lexington             

1920  

8  

Gray  A  Davis  

605  

«... 

Conn  

MA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

M 

1917-1918.  .  . 

10-AB  

Delco  

105  

6... 

Delco  

2139  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

333 

Liberty  

1919  

10-B  

Wagner  

EM177  

«... 

AK  

CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

334 

Liberty  

1919-1920.  .  . 

10-B,  10-C  

Wagner  

EM339  

8.  .. 

AK  

cc  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

335 

Lippard-Stewart  Truck  .  . 

.  ..     1916  

M  

Dyneto  

12... 

AK  

K  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

336 

Lippard-istowart  Truck  .  . 

.  ..     1917  

M-2  

Remy  

6... 

Eiaemann.  .  . 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

337 

Locomobile             

.  .  .     1911-12-13  .  . 

30  

Rushmore  

D8G-5  

6... 

Boach  

Mag  

D.  ( 

338 

Locomobile             

.  .  .     1911-1912.  .  . 

38,  48  

Rushmore  

D8G-5  

«... 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.  ( 

338 

Locomobile  

...     1913  

Adlake  

«.  .. 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.C.... 

339 

Locomobile  

.  .     1915-1916.  .  . 

Westinghouse  

520  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.C.... 

MO 

Locomobile 

.  .  .     1915-1916.  . 

38,48  

Westinghouse  

520  

6.  .. 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.    . 

Locomobile   

.  .  .     1917-1918.  .  . 

38.48  

Westinghouse  

520  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

342 

Locomobile             

...     1019  

38.  48  

Westinghouse  

520  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

342 

Locomobile  

...     1920  

38,  48  

Westinghouse  

520  

8.  .. 

Berling  

M.-.t              

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

Locomobile   

.  .  .     1919-1920.  .  . 

48  

Westinghouse  

760  

6.  .. 

Berling  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

L.P.  C  

.  .  .     1915-1916.  .  . 

Remy  

8L  

«.  .. 

Remy  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

.•'.  1  1 

Loner  

.  .     1913-1914.  .  . 

77  

Gray  A  Davis  

E  

6... 

Remy  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  . 

345 

Lotier  

1915-16-17  .  . 

Types  82  and  84  

Gray  A  Davis  

E  

6... 

Remy 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Ml 

Lyons-Knight  

.  ..     1914  

North  East  

B1106  

24... 

Remy  

Mag  

D.  ( 

347 

McFarlan.  .  . 

.  ..     1915  

Westinghouse  

240  

6... 

West  

240  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

348 

McFarlan  

.  ..     1916  

Westinghouse  

775  

6.  .  . 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

349 

McFarlan 

.  .  .     1917-18-19  .  . 

Westinghouse  

775  

6... 

Wert  

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

350 

McFarlan 

.  .  .     1919-1920.  .  . 

Westinghouse  

.400-450  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag.   . 

351 

Madison  

.  .  .     1916-17-18  .  . 

Remy  

168A  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

352 

Maibohm  

1917.. 

A.. 

Dieco  

MG  

12... 

AK  

CC.  . 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

353 

CIRCUIT  DAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  &  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Battery 
Voltage 

Ignition 
System 

Coil  Type 
or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Maibohm  

.     1918  

B  

....     Wagner  

EM  200  

6... 

AK  

.     CC  

S.  C  

354 

Marion-Handley  

.     1916  

K  

....     Westinghouse  

775  

6... 

West  

.     V  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

355 

Marion-Handley  

.     1917  

A-B  

....     Westinghouse  

775  

6... 

West  

.     V  

S.  C  

355 

Marmon  

.     1913  

32-4  

North  East  

A1000  

16... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

356 

Marmon  

.     1913  

48  

North  East  

B1102  

16... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

357 

Marmon  

.     1914  

41,48  

North  East  

B1103  

16... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

357 

Marmon  

.     1915  

41  

Bosch  

DS1,  DSR,  103.. 

12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

358 

Marmon  

.     1916-1917.  .  . 

34  

....     Bosch  

DSR-3  

12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  ... 

359 

Marmon  

.     1916-17-18-19 

34  

Bijur  

K639,  M69  

6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C  

360 

Marmon  

.     1920  

34-B  

....     Delco  

168  

6... 

Delco  

.     2135  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

361 

Maxwell  

.     1914-1915.  .  . 

....     Simms-Huff  

MAX  

6-12. 

Simms  

.     Mag  

S.  C  

362 

Maxwell  

.     1915  

....     Gray  &  Davis  

T&S  

6... 

Simms  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

363 

Maxwell  

.     1917  

25  

....     Simms-Huff  

6-12  

12... 

AK  

.     CC  

S.  C  

364 

Maxwell  

.     1918-1919.  .  . 

25  

....     Simms-Huff  

6-12  

12... 

AK  

.     CC  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

365 

Maxwell  

.     1920  

....     Simms-Huff  

12  

12... 

AK  

.     CC  

S.  C  

366 

Maxwell  One  Ton  Truck.  .  . 

....     Auto  Lite  

GG  

6... 

AK  

.     CC  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

367 

Mercer  

.     1914  

35  

....     Rushmore  

DSR  

6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

368 

Mercer  

.     1915  

22-70  

....     U.  8.  L  

E58  

12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

369 

Mercer  

.     1916  

22-70  

....     U.  S.  L  

E58  

12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

370 

Mercer  

.     1917-1918.  .  . 

22-73  

....     U.  S.  L  

E58  

12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

371 

Mercer  

.     1918-19-20  .  . 

22-74  

....     Westinghouse  

520  

6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

372 

Meteor  

.     1917  

75-80  

Delco  

101  

6... 

Delco  

.     2139  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

373 

Meteor  

.     1920  

Delco  

135  

6... 

Delco  

.     2159  

S.  C  

374 

Metz  

.     1914  

22  

North  East  

D1250  

12... 

Splitdorf.  .  . 

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

375 

Metz  

.     1915-16-17  .  . 

22  and  25.  .'  

....     Gray  &  Davis  

T  

6... 

Splitdorf.  .  . 

.     Mag  

D.  C..  .. 

376 

Metz  :  

.     1917-1918.  .  . 

G  

....     Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

AK  

.     CA  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

377 

Metz  

.     1920  

Master  Six  

....     Westinghouse  

717  

6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

378 

Michigan  

.     1913  

North  East  

A1000  

16... 

D.  C.... 

379 

Michigan  Hearse  

.     1917  

Delco  

105  

6... 

Delco  

.     2158  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

380 

Michigan  Hearse  

.     1920  

Delco  

165  

6... 

Delco  

.     2159  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

381 

Mitchell  

.     1913  

....     Esterline  

D  

6... 

Splitdorf.  .  . 

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

382 

Mitchell  

.     1916  

8  '.  

....     Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Conn  

.     G  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

383 

Mitchell  

.     1917-1918.  .  . 

C-42  

....     Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

S.  C  

384 

Mitchell  

.     1917-18-19  .  . 

D-40  

Splitdorf  

1916G  

6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

385 

Mitchell  

.     1919  

Early  Models  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

232A  

6... 

Remy  

.     284B  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

386 

Mitchell  

.     1919-1920.  .  . 

Late  Models  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

232A  

6... 

Remy  

.     284B  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

387 

Mitchell-Lewis  

.     1914  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

0-OB  

6... 

Remy  

.     Mag.  P.  

D.  C.... 

388 

Mitchell-Lewis  

.     1914  

A-40,  50,  70  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

O-OB  

6... 

Remy  

.     Mag.  P  

D.  C.... 

389 

Mitchell-Lewis  

.     1915  

4  

....     Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  . 

A25,  28,  29  

12... 

Conn  

.     GOM  

D.  C.... 

390 

Mitchell-Lewis  

.     1916  

Splitdorf  

A25,  28,  29  

12... 

Conn  

.     GOM  

D.  C.... 

391 

Mnline-FCnjght 

.     1912-13-14  .  . 

MK-40  

.  .  .  .     Ward-Leonard  

AL-AX  

6... 

Conn  

.     GO  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

392 

XVI 


CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  &  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Hiittrry 
Voltage 

Ignition 
System 

Coil  Type 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

n'-Kniglii 

.  .     1914-1915.  .  . 

MK-50  

Wagner  

EM  111  

....     12... 

Bosch  .  .  . 

..     Mag  

D.  C..  .. 

393 

Moline-Kuight    .    . 

(916-17-18 

MK-40,  50  

Wagner  

E  M  153  

6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

..    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

394 

•it-Kninlii            

.  .     1917-18-19  .  . 

CandG.  .... 

...     Wagner  

E  M  202  

....      6... 

Wagner.  . 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

395 

:!or  

.  .     1919.. 

Dyneto  

C176  

....      6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

.  .    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

390 

:tor.  . 

.  .     1919-1920.  .  . 

6  Series  3  

Dyneto  

C288  

....       6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

.  .    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

397 

roe 

.     1915  

M-'J  

Auto  Lite  

GB  

....       6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

..    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

M 



.  .     1917  

3  

Auto  Lite  

GB  

....       6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

..     GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

399 



1917-1918.  .  . 

4,  5,  and  6  

Auto  Lite  

GG  

....       6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

.  .     GA  

8.  C 

400 



..     1914  

42,  f>-50  

Delco  

39-B  

....       6... 

Delco.  .  .  . 

..     2105  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

401 

n  

mi:.  

4,  38,  6-40  

Delco  

57-58  

....       6... 

Delco.  .  .  . 

..     2111  

8."C.  .  .  . 

402 

i 

.  .    I9ir>  . 

6-30,6-40  

Delco  

73-83  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2120-45  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

403 

..     1917-19  lv 

6-43.  

Delco:  

105  

....       6... 

Delco.  .  .  . 

..     2139  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

404 

.  .     1917-1S-H)  .  . 

6-66  

Delco  

105  

....       6... 

Delco.  .  .  . 

..     2139  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

405 

i 

.     1919-1920.  .  . 

Victory  

Wagner  

E  M  303  

....       6... 

Wagner.  . 

..     KD-147  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

406 

i.                         

.  .     1920  

6-48  

Delco  

135  

....       6... 

Delco  

..     2159  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

407 

•   . 

1917-1918.  .  . 

30  

Dyneto  

C-185  

....       6... 

Bosch... 

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

408 

re  

1919-1920.  .  . 

K  

Auto  Lite  

GD-GG-GH 

....       6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

..    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

409 

!  UK!  Truck  

11A,  2H  and  3  Ton.  .. 

Westinghouse  

280  

....       6... 

West  

.  .     280  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

410 

M<>P  1  i:-l  Truck  

2Xand5X  

Westinghou.se  

280  

....       6... 

West  

..     280  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

411 

Mutual  Truck  

..     1920.. 

•>\,  JAP  

Westinghouse  

760  

....       6... 

Bosch  .  .  . 

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

412 

>leon  

Auto  Lite  

GA-1153  

....       6... 

Conn.  .  .  . 

.  .     GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

413 

Nash  

.  .     1917  

671  

Bijur  

L61-M255  

....       6... 

Delco.  .  .  .' 

..     2155  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

414 

.  .     1917-1918.  .  . 

681,2,3,4  

Delco  

125  

6... 

Delco  

..     2163  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

415 

.  .     1919-1920.  .  . 

685,6,7  

Delco  

125  

....       6... 

Delco.  .  .  . 

..     2163  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

415 



.  .     1919-1920.  .  . 

681  to  687  

Wagner  

E  M  278  

....       6... 

Wagner.  . 

.  .     K  42  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

416 

4  Cylinder  Truck.  .  . 

.     1918  

Auto  Lite  

JG  

....       6... 

AK  

.  .     CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

417 

Nash  Truck  

.  .     1919-1920.  .  . 

2018-3018  

Auto  Lite  

JG  

....       6... 

AK  

..    CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

418 

Nash  Two  Ton  Truck.  . 

Bijur  

L61-M255  

....       6... 

Ki-i-ln:iii:i 

••     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

419 

Nash  Two  Ton  Truck.  .    . 

4017-A  

Bijur  

L61-M255  

6... 

Eisemann  . 

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

420 

Nash  Quad  Truck  

All  Models  

Bijur  

L61-M255  

....       6... 

Eisemann  . 

..      Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

421 

nil  

I-.U4  

Six  

Remy  

8L  

....       6... 

D.  C..  .  . 

422 

National.  .  . 

.  .     1915  

Westinghouse  

202  

....       6... 

Eisemann  . 

.  .     Mag  

D.  C.... 

423 

.nal  

.  .     1916  

Highway  Six  

Westinghouse  

202  

....       6... 

Eisemann  . 

..     Mag  

D.  C.... 

424 

•nal.  .  . 

.  .     1916  

Highway  Twelve  

Westinghouse.  .  .  .  :  . 

760  

r,     . 

Dixie.  .  .  . 

..     Mag  

D.  a... 

«u 

National                   

.     1917-191  ^      . 

Highway  Six  

Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Bosch  .  .  . 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

426 

mal  

.     1917-18-19  .  . 

Highway  Twelve  

Bijur  

L61-M255  

6... 

Delco.  .  .  . 

2159  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

427 

>nal  Sextet  

.  .     1920  

Westinghouse  

717  

....       6... 

Delco  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

428 

Nebon-LcMoon  Truck..  .  . 

Westinghouse  

208  

....       6... 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

429 

Era  

.  .     1916  

Allis-Chalmers  

MG9R  

....       6... 

A.  K  

K  

8.  C.  .    . 

430 

(   Oakland  

.  .     1913  

35  

Dcaco  

<.r  \-TAR  

....       6... 

Deaco.  .  .  . 

D.  C..  .  . 

431 

Oakland  

.  .     1913  

:i.-|  

Westinghouse  

20s  

6... 

Briggs.  .  .  . 

Mag  

D.  C.... 

432 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Starting  &  Lighting 

Generator  No. 

Battery 

Ignition 

Coil  Type 

Car 

Year 

Model 

System 

or  Type 

Voltage 

System 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Oakland  

.     1913  

,     35  Special  

.  .     Deaco  

GFA-TAR  

....       6... 

Briggs.  .  .  . 

.  .     Mag  

.  ...     D.  C... 

.     433 

Oakland  

.     1913  

.     35,42  

.  .     Deaco  

GFA-TAR  

....       6... 

Deaco.  .  .  . 

.  ...     D.  C... 

.     434 

Oakland  

.     1913  

.     42  

.  .     Deaco  

GFA-TAR  

....       6... 

Deaco.  .  .  . 

.  ...     D.  C... 

.     435 

Oakland  

.     1913  

.     42,  60  

.  .     Delco  

MG12  

6-24. 

Delco  

.  .     2043-94  

.  .  .  .     D.  C..  . 

.     436 

Oakland  

.     1914  

.     36  

.  .     Delco  

MG30-41  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2106  

.  .  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     437 

Oakland  

.     1914  

43  

.  .     Delco  

MG27-B  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2105  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     438 

Oakland  

.     1914  

48,62  

.  .     Delco  

MG37-B  

6.  .. 

Delco  

.  .     2105  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     439 

Oakland  

.     1915  

37  

.  .     Delco  

MG49  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

.  ...   s.  c.  .. 

.     440 

Oakland  

.     1915  

49  

.  .     Delco  

MG50  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     441 

Oakland  

.   ,1916  

32  

.  .     Remy  

234-A  

6... 

Remy  .... 

.  .     172-A  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     442 

Oakland  

.     1916  

38  

Delco  

68  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2118  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     443 

Oakland  

.     1916  

32-B  

.  .     Delco  

99  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2137  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     444 

Oakland  

.     1917  

34  

.  .     Delco  

Ill  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2137  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     444 

Oakland  

.     1916-1917.  .  . 

50  

.  .     Delco  

91  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2123  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     445 

Oakland  

.     1917  

34  

..     Delco  

Ill  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2137  

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     446 

Oakland  

.     1918-19-20  .  . 

34-B  

.  .     Remy  

234-A  

....       6... 

Remy  .... 

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     447 

Oakland  

.     1920  

34-C  

.  .     Remy  

126-A  

....       6... 

Remy  .... 

.  .  .  .   s.  c.  .  . 

.     448 

Old  Hickory  Truck  

.     1916-17-18  .  . 

.  .     Dyneto  

C44  

....     12... 

.  .     Mag  

....     D.  C... 

.     449 

Oldsmobile  

.     1914  

54  

.  .     Delco  

37-B  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2105  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     450 

Oldsmobile  

.     1915  

42  

.  .     Delco  

49  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2111  

...:   s.  c.  .. 

.     451 

Oldsmobile  

.     1916  

43  

.  .     Delco  

75  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2118-21  

....   s.  c.  .. 

.     452 

Oldsmobile  

.     1916....'.... 

44  

.  .     Delco  

91  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2123  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     453 

Oldsmobile  

.     1916-1917.  .  . 

45  

.  .     Delco  

113  

....       6... 

Delco  

.  .     2153  

,...   s.  c.  .. 

.     454 

Oldsmobile  

.     1917  

37  

.  .     Delco  

Ill  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     2137  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     455 

Oldsmobile  

.     1918-19-20  .  . 

37,  37-A  

.  .     Remy  

234-A  

....       6... 

Remy  .... 

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     456 

Oldsmobile  

.     1918-19-20  .  . 

45-A  and  B  

.  .     Delco  

134-7  

6... 

Delco  

.     2162  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     457 

Oldsmobile  Truck  

T  

.  .     Remy  

126A  

6... 

Remy  .  .  .  . 

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     458 

Olympian  

.     1917  

35  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GH  

6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     459 

Oshkosh  F.  W.  D.  Truck... 

..     North  East  

L3766  

,'...       6... 

N.  E  

.     C4  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

.     460 

Overland  

.     1913  

69  and  71  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

C-60  

,...       6... 

Remy  

.     Mag  

...     D.  C... 

.     461 

Overland  

.     1913  

69  and  71  

.  .     U.  S.  L  

E20-38  

...     24... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

...     D.  C... 

.     462 

Overland  

.     1914  

79-B  

.  .     Gray  &  Davis  

T&S  

...       6... 

Splitdorf.  .  . 

-     Mag  

...   s.c.  ... 

.     463 

Overland  

.     1915  

80-C,  80-T  and  R  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GC  

6... 

Splitdorf.  .  . 

Mag  

...   s.  c.  .  .  . 

464 

Overland  

.     1915  

81-LD  and  TR  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GC  

...       6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

465 

Overland  

.     1915-1916.  .  . 

82  and  86  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GA  

6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

...   s.c... 

466 

Overland  

.     1916  

76-Tand75-LD  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GC  

...       6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

467 

Overland  

.     1916  

83-B-DE  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GC  

6.  .. 

Dixie  

Mag  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

468 

Overland  

.     1916  

83-LD-EX-T-R  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GC  

6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

,     469 

Overland  

.     1916  

83-T-EX-LD-B-D-E-R  .  .  . 

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GC  

...       6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

470 

Overland  

.     1916  

86  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GA  

6.  .. 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

...   s.  c.  .  . 

471 

Overland  

.     1917  

8,5-4,  T-R-C  and  SN  

.  .     Auto  Lite  

GG-GH  

...       6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

...      S.  G  .  .  . 

472 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  &  Lighting 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Battery 

Voltage 

Ignition 
^-     , 
system 

C.,,1  T\'|..- 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Pag* 

1917  

85-6-C-SN-T-R  

Auto  Lite  

GG-GH  

ft... 

Conn  

..    GA  

8.  C.  . 

473 

nd 

1"17 

86-B  

Auto  Lite  

(;<;-<;ii  

6... 

Conn  

..    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

474 

Overland  . 

I'.'i:      

90-T  and  90-CL-H 

Auto  yte  

mi  

6... 

Conn  

..    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

475 

'     • 

1918  

ito-SX-PLD-R-O  

Auto  Lite  

(,n  

6... 

Conn  

..    GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

in 

1920  



Auto  Lite  

GG-GH  

6... 

Conn  

.  .     GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

477 

Owen  Magncti.- 

1917 

O-36  

Owen  

34... 

Bosch.. 

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

478 

...     1918-191 

Owen  

28... 

Bosch.... 

Mag  

D.  ( 

17', 

Packard 

191  . 

H        

Bijur  

Miil.'l.S  

6... 

Eiscmttim  . 

.  .     Mag  

8.0 

m 

1914 

.nd  H-18  

Delco  

6... 

Eisemann. 

-•     Mag  

D.  < 

481 

Packard 

I'.Ml          ... 

2-38  and  4-48  

Bijur  

Mdl-MS  

6... 

Eisemann  . 

.     Mag  

D.( 

ia 

1915  

3-38  and  5-48  

Bijur  

M157  

'•• 

Eisemann  . 

.  .     Mag  

D.  C.... 

483 

l-ilii   

I'-''.  :md  135  

Bijur  

Ml.',?.-  

6... 

Delco  



D.C.... 

IM 

Packard 

1917-191 

J-2.-,  and  2-35  

Bijur  

Ml',7  

6... 

Delco  

..     2135  

D.C.... 

IV, 

Packar  i 

l'US-19-20  .  . 

3-25  and  3-35  

Bijur  

M157  

6... 

Delco  

..     2150  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

IM 

Packard  Truck 

1918  

E  

Bijur  

M157  

6... 

Dixie  

..     Mag  

D.C.... 

487 

1916  

G-6  and  H-6  

Gray  &  Davis  

210  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

IM 

1916-1917... 

6-46  and  6-38,  H-fl.  .  .  . 

Gray  &  Davis  



6... 

Remy  .  .  .  . 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

188 

1918-19-20  .  . 

All  Models  

Gray  &  Davis  

240  

6... 

Kemy 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

<>.u 

•i 

191S  

c.-i  :md  (;-:.  

Gray  &  Davis  



6... 

A.  K  

.     K-' 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

491 

umerican 

1920.. 

American  Beauty  

Westinghouse  

717  

1 

A.  K  

ro  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

492 

Panhard  Truck 

1918  

A-B  

Auto  Lite  

(ill    

6... 

Conn  

LA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

493 

Parker  Truck 

All  Models  

Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Bosch.... 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

I'M 

Partin-Ptiliner     

1918       

38  

Allis-Chalmcrs  

MG9R  

6... 

Conn  

.     CO  

... 

IM 



1917       

32  '  

Disco  

2U  

6... 

Bosch  

..     Mag  

8.  C  

IM 

191s  

1'ltra  1  Forty  

Disco  

-M   

6... 

Bosch 

..     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

I"., 

I'.Ul 

:!•_>  :nid  33  

Delco.  

M<;II             

6... 

Delco  

..     2106  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

497 

.    101.-,  

4-32  and  6-48  

Delco  

64-59  

B 

Delco  

..     2111  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

m 

.    I'.'I',     

6-42  

Delco  

84  

6... 

Delco  

..     212.'{-:{4  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

499 

Paters.>n 

.     1917-lOls 

6-45  and  6-45R  

Delco  

Hi:.   

B 

Delco  

..     2139  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

500 

. 

1919.. 

6-46  

Delco  

11X5  

6... 

Delco  

..     2139  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

500 

Pater*  ,1, 

1920  

6-47  

Delco  

165  

6... 

Delco  

..     2159  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

501 

.     1915  

Weetinghouse  

280  

a 

\\.  -: 

.  .     280  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

502 

1916  

\Vestinghouue  

240  

6... 

\\.-t 

V  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

IM 

:  • 

1916  

OlH-B  

Delco  

87  

6... 

Delco  

.  .     21-  • 

504 

Pathfin  i 

1917.. 

12  

Delco  

87.. 

6... 

Delco  

..     2123  

- 

1915  



Gray  &  Davis  

<;i-i. 

6... 

A.  K  

1\2   

BM 

• 

1916.. 

56-571-1               

Gray  &  Davis  

6.  .. 

A.  K  

K2  

8.  C.  .  . 

BO! 

I1.-.  :',,. 

1917-191 

56-2-FF  

Auto  Lite  

(,  \ 

6... 

A.  K  

..   cc.  .. 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

508 

- 

1918-19-20  .  . 

56  

Auto  Lite  

<;n  

B 

A.  K  

..   cc  

8.  C 

509 

Pierce-Arrow  

I'll!        

38-C-2  

WcHtinghouKo  

501  

6... 

• 

M:,K      .  . 

8.  C.  .    . 

.Mil 

Pierce-Arrow 

1911-191 

48-B  

\Vestingli.m-.' 

.Mil 

f,     . 

Bo-eh  .  .  .  . 

Ma*  

8.  C 

111 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Car                                Year 

Model 

Starting  &  Lighting 
System 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Battery 
Voltage 

Ignition 
System 

Coil  Type 
or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Fierce-Arrow 1915 38-C Westinghouse 501 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C.  .  . .  512 

Fierce-Arrow 1915 48-B-3 Westinghouse 501 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C.  .  . .  513 

Fierce-Arrow...! 1916 Tour,  and  Encl Westinghouse 280 6...  West 280 S.  C.  .  . .  514 

Fierce-Arrow 1917-1918...     38,48,66 Westinghouse 520 6...  Bosch  &  West     S.  C 515 

Fierce-Arrow  2  Ton  Truck Westinghouse 520 6...  Bosch Mag S.  C 516 

Pilot 1916-17-18  .  .     6-45 Delco 89 6. . .  Delco 2120 S.  C 517 

Pilot 1920 6-45 Delco 103 6...  Delco 2158 S.  C 518 

Premier 1914 M Remy M  amd  MJ 12...  Remy Mag D.  C....  519 

Premier 1915 M Remy M  and  MJ 12. ..  Remy Mag D.  C..  . .  520 

Premier.  .  > 1915 MJ Remy M  and  MJ 12...  Remy Mag D.  C....  521 

Premier 1917-18-19..     6-B  and  6-C Delco 109 6...  Delco 2145 S.  C 522 

Premier 1920 6-D Delco 118 6...  Delco 2145 S.  C 523 

Pullman 1913 North  East A-1000 16. ..  Bosch Mag D.  C..  . .  524 

Pullman 1915 Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  .  A25-28-29 .12...  Conn S.  C.  .  . .  525 

Pullman 1916 Splitdorf-Apelco...  A25-28-29 12...  Split -. . .     Mag S.  C 526 

Pullman 1916 Splitdorf-Apelco...  A25-28-29 12...  Split Mag S.  C 527 

Pullman 1917 434 Splitdorf C4 6...  Split Mag S.  C 528 

R.  &  V.  Knight 1920 R Wagner EM189A 6. . .  Wagner K4 S.  C 529 

Regal 1913-1914...     N Rushmore DSG5 6...  Bosch Mag D.  C..  . .  530 

Regal 1914 ,.     C Rushmore DSG5 6...  Bosch Mag D.  C..  . .  531 

Regal 1915-1916...     E Dyneto DSL 12...  Conn GOR S.  C 532 

Regal 1915-16-17..     4  and  8 Dyneto DSL 12...  Conn GOR S.  C 533 

Regal 1917 J Heinze 5471 6. . .  Heinze R S.  C 534 

Regal 1917-1918...     J Auto  Lite GH .»...  6...  A.  K CC S.  C 535 

Reo 1914........     R Remy O-OB 6...  Remy Mag D.  C....  536 

Reo :  1915 RandM Remy O-OB 6...  Remy Mag D.  C....  537 

Reo 1916 MandU Remy 241 6...  Remy Mag D.  C..  . .  538 

Reo 1916 RandS Remy 240 6...  Remy Mag D.  C..  . .  539 

Reo 1917 M-M-RandS Remy 241 6...  Remy D.  C..  . .  540 

Reo 1917 R-4 Remy 241 6...  Remy D.  C..  . .  541 

Reo 1918-1919.  .  .     T  and  U Remy 241 6. . .  Remy D.  C..  .  .  542 

Reo 1919-1920.  .  .     T6  and  U6 North  East L3711 6. . .  N.  E T10442 S.  C 543 

Reo  Truck 1917-18-19-20     Remy 241 6...  Remy D.  C..  . .  544 

Republic  Truck 8  and  9 Remy 166-240-241 6...  Remy S.  C 545 

Republic  Truck Westinghouse 208 6. . .  West V S.  C 546 

Republic  Truck 10-11 Westinghouse 208 6...  West V S.  C 547 

Revere 1919-1920 ; Westinghouse 717 '6...  Bosch Mag S.  C.  .  . .  548 

Riddle  Hearse 1917 Delco 101 6...  Delco 2139 S.  C 549 

Riddle  Hearse 1919-1920.  .  .     19 Delco 135 6. . .  Delco 2159. S.  C 550 

Riker  Truck 1918 Westinghouse 208 6...  West V SC 551 

Roamer 1916 Bijur M255-L61-B C...  Bosch Mag S.  C 552 

xx 


CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS-Continued 


Car 

Year 

Model 

Starting  A  Lighting 

S\>trm 

Generator  No. 
or  Type 

Battery      Ignition 
Voltage     System 

C,,.l  Ty|»- 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

1917  

R-A  

Bijur  

M255-L61-B  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

B.C.. 

553 

B*a*~"  

1918-1919.  .  . 

D-4-75  and  C  6-54  

Bijur  

M255-L61-B  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

IM 

I'.tl9  

All  Models  

Bijur  

M255-L61-B  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

555 

r.i-20  

6-54  

Hijur  

M255-L61-B  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

556 

Rock  Full*. 

1919-1920.  .  . 

9  

\\  cstinghouse  

760  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

H7 

i: 

!'.HtV1917.  .  . 

->         

Robbing  A  Meyer.  . 

RM  

6... 

A.  K  

K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

558 

1 

32  and  48  

Bijur  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

D.  C.... 

:,:,'. 

BUM 

1915  

Four  

.     Ward-Leonard  

DET  

6... 

A.  K  

K2  

D.  C.... 

160 

.-  BBOO 

1915-1916.  .  . 

Six  

.     Gray  A  Davis  .  — 

MG9  

6... 

A.  K....:... 

K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

561 

Saxon  

1916  .-. 

S-2  

.     Ward-Leonard  .... 

RM  

6... 

A.  K  

K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

562 

Saxon  

1917  

B-5-R  

.     Wagner  

EM174  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

563 

Saxon 

1917  

S-4  

.     Wagner  

EM156  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

564 

S.'iV'ii          

1918..  

Y-18  

.     Wagner  

EM155  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

BM 

Saxon  

1919  

FY-18  

.     Wagner  

EM155  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

564 

Saxon  

1916-1917   .. 

.     Bijur  

M1213,  M339  

6... 

A.  K  

K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

565 

Saxon  .                   

1920  

rat   

('.ray  A  Davis  

6... 

GandD..    .. 

8.  C.  .  .  . 

566 

Saver*  A  Scovill  

1916  

4  

.     Delco  

MG74  

6... 

Delco  

2111  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

107 

Savers  A  Scovill  

1916  

6...                     

.     Delco  

73  and  83  

6... 

Delco  

2120  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

568 

Sayera  &  Scovill  

1919  

E  

.     Delco  

105  

6... 

Delco  

2158  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

BM 

Syarrs  A  Scovill  

1920  

F  

.     Delco  

105  

6... 

Delco  

2159  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

BOO 

Saycre  A  Scovill  

1919  

BP  

.     Delco  

135  

6... 

Delco  

2169  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

B7Q 

Sayera  A  Scovill  

1920  

CP  

.     Delco  

165  

6... 

Delco  

2159  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

:,7o 

Sayers  A  Scovill  

1920-1921... 

DP  

.     Delco  

180  

6... 

Delco  

2159  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

571 

Scripie-Booth  

1916  

Six-39  and  40  

Homy  

254A-256A  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .    . 

572 

Srripps-Booth  

1916-17-1^ 

C-4,  D-8,  H  

.     Wagner  

E162-169  

6... 

Remy  

S.  C.  .  .  . 

573 

Scripps-Booth  

1918  

<;  

.     Remy  

254A-256A  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

574 

Scrippe-Booth  

1919  

Six  39-40  

.     Remy  

254A-256A  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

575 

Scripps-Booth  

1920  

B-39,  B-40  (LH)  

Remy  

254A-256A  

6... 

Remy  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

:,:., 

Scripps-Booth  

1920  

B-39,  B-40  (RH)  

Hi-my  

254A-256A  

f, 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

577 

Seagrave  

1916  

6  

.     Westinghouse  

208  

12... 

We«t  

V  

8.  C.  .    . 

578 

Seagrave  

1919  

F-4,  F-6  

.     Delco  

156  

12... 

Delco  

2127  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

579 

Service  Truck-; 

.     Wcstinghouse  

450  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

.'.Si, 

Sen-ice  Trucks  

.     Westinghouse  

760  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

8.  C.  .    . 

881 

Simplex  

1917  

5  

.     Boech  

DSG5  

12... 

Bosch  

Mag..  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

582 

1920  

35  

6... 

(  '(inn  

GA  

8.  C.  . 

300 

Spacke  

1919-1920.  .  . 

S-G  

.     Dyneto  

AK304  

6... 

A.  K  

K2  

8.  C  

2 

Speedwell  

1914-1915.  .  . 

.     Westinghouse  

280  

6... 

West  

280  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

BM 

Sphinx 

1915-1916.  .  . 

.     Splitdorf-Apelco  .  .  . 

A25-28-29  

12... 

Conn  

GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

:,M 

Standard  

1915  

4  

Westinghouse  

501  

6... 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .    . 

Ml 

Standard  

1916  

8  

.     Westinghouse  

540  

6... 

West  

V  

8.  C.  .  . 

BM 

Standard  

1916-1917.  .  . 

E  

.     Westinghouse  

540  

6... 

Splitdorf  

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

BS7 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS— Continued 


Starting  &  Lighting 

Generator  No. 

Battery 

Ignition 

Coil  Type 

Car 

Year 

Model 

System 

or  Type 

Voltage 

System 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Standard  

.     1917  

F  

.  .  .  .     Apelco  

C4  

..       6... 

Splitdorf  

Mag  

...     S.  C.  .. 

588 

Standard  

.     1918-1919.  .  . 

G  

.  .  .     Westinghouse  

760  

..       6... 

Splitdorf  

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     589 

Standard  

.     1919-1920.  .  . 

H  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

760  

..       6... 

A.  K.  &  Dix.. 

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     590 

Standard  Military  Truck  .  .  . 

Class  B  

.  .  .  .     Delco  

139  

..       6... 

Delco  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     591 

Stearns  

.     1913  

4  and  6  

.  .  .  .     Gray  &  Davis  

E  -.  

6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     592 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1914  

4  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

208  

..       6... 

Remy  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     593 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1915  

Light  Four  

.  .  .  .     Gray  &  Davis  

Gl  

..     12... 

Bosch  

Mag  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     594 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1915-16-17-18-19  Series  32  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

208  

..     12... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     595 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1916  

8  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

208  

6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     596 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1916-1917.  .  . 

SKL-4  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

208  

..     12... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     597 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1916-17-18  .  . 

S-K-8  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

208  

..     12... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     598 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1918-1919.  .  . 

SKL-4  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

238A  

..     12... 

Remy  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     599 

Stearns-Knight  

.     1920  

SKL-4  

.  .  .  .     Westinghouse  

230-240  

..     12... 

A.  K  

CC  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     600 

Stephens  

.     1917  

65  

.  .  .  .     Auto  Lite  

GG  

..       6... 

Conn  

GO  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     601 

Stephens  

.     1917  

60-65  

Delco  

105  

..       6... 

Delco  

2139  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     602 

Stephens  

.     1918  

70,74,75,78  

.  .  .  .     Delco  

123  

6... 

Delco  

2161  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     602 

Stephens  

.     1919  

74  and  76  

Delco  

123  

..       6... 

Delco  

2161  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     602 

Stephens  

.     1919-1920.  .  . 

80  

.  .  .  .     Auto  Lite  

SK12  

6... 

Conn  

GA  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     603 

Stevens  Duryea  

.     1915  

.     D-6  

Delco  

MG35  

..       6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     604 

Studebaker  

.     1914  

Four  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM101  

..       6... 

National.  .  .  . 

Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     605 

Studebaker  

.     1915  

,     EC-SD5  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM107-114  

6... 

Remy  

Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     606 

Studebaker  

.     1915  

.     35-EG  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM101  

..     12... 

Remy  

Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     607 

Studebaker  

.     1916-1917.  .  . 

Series  17  and  18  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM  126  

6... 

Remy  

171  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     608 

Studebaker  

.     1918-1919.  .  . 

SH.EG,  EH  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM214  

..       6... 

Remy  

171  

.  ..     S.  C.  .. 

.     609 

Studebaker  

.     1920  

.     Series  20  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM326-355  

..       6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     610 

Studebaker  

.     1920  

.     Series  20  

.  .  .  .     Wagner  

EM326-355  

6... 

Remy  

171  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     611 

Stutz  

.     1914-1915.  .  , 

Remy  

0-OB  

..       6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     612 

Stutz  

.     1916-1917.  .  , 

.  .  .  .     Remy  

O-OB  

..       6... 

Bosch  

Mag  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     613 

Stutz  

.     1918-1919.  .  , 

Remy.  .  

0-OB  

..       6.., 

Delco  

2162  

.  ..     D.  C... 

.     614 

Sun  

.     1917  

.     Light  Six  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

166B  

6... 

Remy  

172A  

.  .  .    S.  C.  .  . 

.     615 

Templar  

.     1918-1919.  . 

,     4-45  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

234B  

..       6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     616 

Templar  

.     1919-1920.  . 

.     4-45  

.  .  .  .     Bijur  

6... 

Eisemann.  .  . 

Mag  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     617 

Towmotor  

.     1920  

Delco  

165  

..       6... 

Delco  

2159  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     618 

Union  Motor  Truck  

.     1916-1917.  . 

.  .  .  .     Auto  Lite  

..       6... 

Conn  

GO  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     619 

Universal  Tractor  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

259  

..       6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     620 

Velie  

.     1915-1916.  . 

.      15  

....     Gray  &  Davis  

T-S  

..       6... 

Remy  ...... 

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     621 

Velie  

.     1916  

.     22  

....     Remy  

161   166  240  241.  . 

6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     622 

Velie  

.     1917  

.     27  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

161,  166,  240,  241.  . 

..       6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     623 

Velie  

.     1917  

.     28  

.  .  .  .     Remy  

161,  166,  240,  241.  . 

6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     624 

Velie  

.     1918-1919.  . 

.     38  and  39  

....     Remy  

161,  166,240,241.. 

..       6... 

Remy  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     625 

Velie  

.     1920  

.     48  

Remy  

161,  166,  240,241.  . 

..       6... 

A.  K  

CC  

.  .  .     S.  C.  .  . 

.     626 

xxii 

CIRCUIT  DIAGRAMS  OF  CARS-Continued 


Starting  4  Lighting 

;     Generator  No. 

K-itterv 

Ignition 

Coil  Tv|H- 

Car 

Year 

Model 

System 

or  Type 

Voltage 

System 

or  No. 

Wiring 

Page 

Vim  Truck  . 

.  .  .  .     1919-1920.  . 

21,  26,  27,  28  

.     Weatinghouse  

.     760  

.      6... 

A.K  

.    CC  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

627 

Warren  

....     1913-1911 

North  East  

.     A1000  

.     16... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

D.  C.... 

828 



....     19i:. 

Splitdorf-Apelco  .  . 

.     A25-28-29  

.      12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

D.  C..  .  . 

629 

Wofltctitt  

.  ...     1914  

O-30  

Jeeco  

.     5700  

.    a... 

A.K  

.     K2  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

630 

Weatcott            

....     1915  

T-6-Y-O-35  

Delco  

.     59  

.       6... 

Delco  

.     2111  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

631 

Weatcott  

1916  

41  and  51  

Delco  

.     73  and  83  

.       6... 

Delco  

..  2124-5  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

an 

Weatcott 

1916  

U-50andO-35  

Delco  

.     MG64  

.       6... 

Delco  

.     2111  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

an 

Weatcott 

.  .     1917-18-19  .  . 

Delco  

.     101  

.       6... 

Delco  

.     2158  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

634 

White  

....     1913 

Entz  

.     W  

.     18... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

635 

White 

.  ...     1914 

«.AG  

White-Ents  

.     W  

.     18.  .. 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

aaa 

White  

1914 

GAGR  

\\hite-Entz  

.     W  

.     18... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

637 

White  

1916-1917.  .  . 

White-Entx  

\v  

.     18.  .. 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

638 

White  

1917-18-19  .  . 

GM  

Leece-Neville  

.     153G  

.     12... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

639 

Willvs-Knight.  .  . 

1916  

84-C  

Auto  Lite  

.     GF  

.       6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

640 

Willvs-Knight  

....     1916  

.     84-R  

Auto  Lite  

.     GF  

.       6... 

Conn  

.     GA  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

641 

Willvs-Knight  

....     1916  

84  and  84-T  

Auto  Lite  

.     GF  

.       6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

642 

Willvs-Knight  

.  ...     1916  

84-T,  84-BT,  83-R  

Auto  Lite  

.     GF  

.       6... 

Dixie  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

1,1:; 

Willvs-Knight  

.     1917-1918.  .  . 

88-4-C  

Auto  Lite  

.    GG  

.       6... 

Conn  

.     GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

644 

Willvs-Knight  

.         1917-1918.  .  . 

88-4  Limo  

Auto  Lite  

.    GH  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

645 

Willvs-Knight  

.     1917-1918.  .  . 

88-4-Sn  

Auto  Lite  

.     GH  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

Mfl 

Willvs-Knight 

.     1917-1918.  .  . 

88-4-T,  88-4  Lira.,  88-4-*.  i 

Auto  Lite  

.    GD.GG,  GH  

.       6... 

Conn  

.     GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

647 

Willys-Knight  .     . 

1917-1918.  .  . 

88-8-CandR  

Auto  Late  

.    GG  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

648 

Willvs-Knight  

.    .     1917-1918.  .  . 

88-8-Sn  

Auto  Lite  

.    GG  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

MB 

Willvs-Knight  

...     1917-1918.  .  . 

88-8T  

Auto  Lite  

.    GG  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

650 

Willvs-Knight  

...     1917-1918.  .  . 

88-8-TC  

Auto  Lite  

.    GG  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    -GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

651 

Willys-Knight  

.  ...     1918  

89-Clr.,  Sn  and  T  

Auto  Lite  

.    GF  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

an 

Willys-Knight  

...     1920  

20  

Auto  Lite  

.     SK12  

.       6... 

Conn  

.    GO  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

653 

Winton  

,...     1915  

21  

Bijur  

.     K620-K621  

.       6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

654 

Winton  

....     1915  

21  

Gray  4  Davis.  .  .  . 

.     G-l  

.       6... 

Mea  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

au 

Winton  

....     1915  

21-A  

Bijur  

.     K639-M69-A2309B.  . 

.       6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

an 

Winton                    

....     1916  

22  

Bijur  

.     K620-K621  

.       6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

867 

Winton  

...     1917-1918.  .  . 

22  

Bijur  

.     K620-K621  

.       6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

en 

Winton  

...     1920  

24  and  25  

Bijur  

.     K620-K621  

.       6... 

Bosch  

.     Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

BOO 

Woods  Dual-Power 

...    1917  :.. 

1600  

Woods  

.     Own  

.     48... 

A.K  

.     K2  

D.C.... 

no 

Woods  Dual-Power  

...     1918  

1700  

Woods  

.     Own  

.     48... 

A.K  

.     K2  

D.  C..  .  . 

an 

Wolverine  Truck  

l^Ton  -. 

Gray  4  Davis  .... 

.     610  

.       6... 

Eisemann.  .  . 

Mag  

8.  C.  .  .  . 

an 

XXIII 


STANDARD  AND  INTERNAL  DIAGRAMS 


System 


Diagrams  of 


. 

i  'halmrrs 

'  'liallliers 

AlliM  'Ii.'iliii.T- 

Vr-Kent 

Lite 

Lit-- 

Auto  Lite 

Auto  Ijte. 

Lite. 

Auto  Lite 
Auto  Liic. 
Bijur 

Bijur. 

Bijur 
Bijur 

Bijur 
Bijur 

Bosch 

Bosch  Rushmorc.  .  .  . 

Connecticut 

Connecticut  Ignition 
Connecticut.  . 

Connecticut 

Deaco 

Delco 

Delco 

Delco 
Delco 


Standard  Wiring 663 

Standard  Wiring 664 

Single  I'nit  (Early  Model  i  Inti>ni:il  Wiring 665 

Internal  Cireuits.  Mnti>r-(  ieiieratnr  with  Regulator.  (Late 

M.xleU • 666 

Ignition  SyMein  667 

•  lard  Wiring,  Series  Dimmer,  Grounded  System.     Con- 

neetieut  Ignition,  Ty|>o  II  A  N-D  Switch 668 

GB  Generator,  Field  Winding  Internals 669 

GC-GD  Generator,  Field  Winding  Internals 670 

( ',( ',  Generator,  Internal  Connections 671 

GH  Generator,  Internal  Connections 672 

(ill  Generator,  Internal  Connections 673 

M  D-MC-M  V  Motors,  Internal  Circuits 674 

Internal  ( 'in  -nit.*,  Model  GH  Generator  and  Model  M  Motor.  675 
Internal  Circuits  (L-61  and  B-10,  3  Brush  Regulation,  K- 

646,  Gen.  11-75,  Voltage  Regulator 676 

Generator  w  th  Regulator.  Internal  Circuits,  Standard 

( 'onneetions 677 

Two  Terminal  Type  L-61  Generator,  Internal  Circuits . . .  .678 
Single  Terminal  Type  L-61  Generator,  Internal  Circuits, 

Grounded  System 679 

Front  Head  Type  L-61  Generator,  Internal  Circuits, 

Grounded  System 680 

1918  Demountable  Type,  Voltage  Regulator,  Internal  Cir- 
cuits  681 

Standard  Lighting  System 682 

Internal  Circuits 683 

Automatic  Ignition  System 684 

Internal  Circuits,  Type  O  Switch,  GA  Coil,  A  No.  16  Igniter.  685 

Igniter  System,  Type  G  or  GJ,  E  or  EJ  Systems 686 

Internal  Circuits,  Type  H  Automatic  Ignition  Switch 687 

Internal  C'ircuits,  Voltage  Regulator,  Generator 688 

Internal  Circuits,  Motors,  Generators,  &  Motor  Generators, 

All  Models 689-696 

1912-13  6-24  Volt  System,  Internal  Motor  &  Generator 

Control 697 

Control  Panel  6-24  Volt  System 698 

Voltage  Regulator,  Internal  Circuits 699 


System 


Diagrams  of 


Detroit R-S  Motor  Generator,  Installation  for  cars  not  originally 

equipped 700 

Disco Standard  Installation,  Generator  Model  100,  Motor  Model 

200 701 

Disco Single  Unit  Standard  Wiring 702 

Disco Two  Unit  Standard,  Models  30  U>39 703 

Disco Two  Unit  Standard,  Models  40  to  49 704 

Disco Internal  Circuits,  12  Volt  Motor  Generator  with  Regulator.  705 

Dyncto Standard  Wiring  for  Entz  Starting  A  Lighting  System 706 

Dyneto Single  Unit,  4  Terminal  Unit,  Standard  Wiring.  Models 

A  A  B 707 

Dyneto Two  Unit,  DA  Motor  A  GA  Generator,  Standard  Wiring. . .  708 

Dyneto Internal  Circuits,  Motor  Generator,  Model  B 740 

Dyneto Internal  Circuits,  Generator  and  Controller,  (Type  CA  Gen- 
erator, 3  Brush  Regulation) 709 

Dyneto Motor  Generator,  Internal  Connections 710 

Dyneto-Enti Internal  Circuits,  Chalmers  and  White  Installation 711 

Eisemann  Magnetos.  .  . .     G-4  Internal,  E-M  External 712 

Esterline Generator  with  Automatic  Cutout 713 

Fischer Internal  Circuits,  Double  Deck  Model  for  Fords 714 

Genemotor Type  GSL-102  Standard  Wiring  and  Internal  Circuits  ....  715 

Gray  A  Davis Standard  Grounded  System  1913-14 716 

Gray  A  Davis Standard  2  Wire  System  1913-14 717 

Gray  A  Davis Standard  Grounded  System  1915 718 

Gray  A  Davis Standard  Grounded  System  1915,  Internal  Wiring 719 

Gray  A  Davis Two  Unit,  Internal  Circuits 720 

Hoinze Magneto  Circuits 721 

Heinze-Springfield Two  Unit,  Internal  Circuits. 722 

Jesco Internal  Circuits 723-725 

Lcece-Neville Internal  Circuits,  Cutout  and  Generator,  Motor  and  Gener- 
ator with  Cutout 726 

National Standard  Wiring 727 

North  East Internal  Circuits,  Models  A  A  B 72N 

North  East Internal  Circuits,  Models  GAD 729 

North  East Internal   Circuit,    Model   L,   Generator,    Ground    Return 

System 730 

North  East Internal  Circuit,  Model  H,  K  or  R,  Starting  Motor 731 

Philbrin Duplex  Ignition  System,  Internal  and  External  Wiring 732 

Remy Internal  Circuits 733-736 


xxv 


STANDARD  AND  INTERNAL  DIAGRAMS— Continued 


System 


Diagrams  of 


Page 


Rushmore 

Simms-Huff.  .  .  . 
Simms-Huff.  .  .  . 

Splitdorf 

Splitdorf 

Splitdorf 

Splitdorf-Apelco 


Splitdorf-Apelco 

U.  S.  A.  Liberty  Ignition 
U.  S.  L... 


Wagner. 
Wagner. 
Wagner . 


Wagner 

Wagner-Ward-Leonard 


Ward-Leonard . 
Ward-Leonard . 
Westinghouse .  . 


Westinghouse . 


Standard  Wiring .- 737 

Internal  Circuits 738 

12  Volt,  Motor  Generator,  Internal  Circuit 739 

Generator  and  Regulator,  Internal  Circuit _. .  .740 

Internal  Circuit,  Motor  Generator,  Switch  and  Cutout.  .  .  .  741 

Internal  Circuit,  Generator  and  Regulator  TU-1 742 

Internal  Circuits,  Generator  with  Cutout,  Generator  with 

Regulator 743 

Internal  Circuits,  12  volt,  Motor  Generator  with  Cutout ....  705 

1919-1920,  Aviation  Circuit  Diagram 742 

Internal  Circuits,  12-24  Volt,  External  Regulator,  External 

Armature  Type 744 

Internal  Circuits,  Motor  and  Generator  with  Regulator  .  . .  666 

Internal  Circuits,  EM-165  Generator  with  Cutout 696 

Internal  Circuits,  12  Volt,  Single  Unit,  Motor  Generator, 

Early  Models 745 

Internal  Circuits,  Model  36-T  Motor,  Model  45-T  Generator.  746 
6-12  Volt,  Two  Unit  as  Installed  on  Various  Motor  Cars  and 

Trucks  not  originally  equipped 747 

Internal  Circuits,  Voltage  Regulators 748 

Internal  Circuits,  Generator  with  Regulator  Cutout 749 

Internal  Circuits,  Connections  for  Separately  Mounted 

Regulator 750 

Internal  Circuits,  Connections  for  3rd  Brush  Gen.  and  Self 

Contained  Cutout,  Starting  Motor,  Starting  Switch  .  .  .751 


System 


Diagrams  of 


Page 


Westinghouse Standard  Wiring,  Connections  of  Complete  System  with 

Separately  Mounted  Regulator 752 

Westinghouse Standard  Wiring,  Showing  Single  Reduction  Motor  and 

Vertical  Ignition  System 753 

Westinghouse Internal  Wiring  and  Mechanical  Connections  of  Double 

Reduction  Motors  and  Switch  for  Automatic  Screw 
Pinion  Shift 754 

Westinghouse Internal  Ignition  Circuits,  Horizontal  Ignition  System, 

Vertical  Ignition  System 755 

Westinghouse Internal  Circuits,  3rd  Brush  Generator  with  Separate  Cut- 
out, Starting  Motor  and  3rd  Brush  Generator  with  Self 
Contained  Cutout 756 

Westinghouse Internal  Circuits,  Generator  Frame  Nos.  150  and  750  (R.  H. 

Rotation) 757 

Westinghouse Internal  Circuits,  Motors,  Generators,  Switches,  Relay 

Regulators,  Cutouts,  etc 758-763 

Westinghouse Round  Generator  with  Separate  Regulator,  Vertical  Ignition 

SGL  Reduction  Motor,  Ammeter,  Fuse  Block,  Starting 
Switch,  Rev.  Lighting  and  Ignition,  Switch 764 

Westinghouse Standard  Motor,  Lighting  and  Ignition  Generator,  2-Gang 

Lighting  and  Ignition  Switch,  Ammeter,  Fuse  Block.  .  .765 

Westinghouse 3rd  Brush  Generator,  Separate  Cutout,  Starting  Motor, 

Starting  Switch 766 

Westinghouse Lighting  and  Ignition  Frame  No.  760,  (R.  H.  Rotation) 767 

Westinghouse Starting  Motor  Connections 768 


• 


if  either  or  both  are  effected  by  short  circuit,  open  circuit, 
poor  contact,  or  ground,  the  strength  of  the  machine  will  be 
reduced  proportionately. 


GENERATORS   AND   IGNITION   COILS 

One  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  electricity  is  that  if 
the  number  of  magnetic  lines  of  force  passing  thru  any  closed 
coil  or  closed  electrical  circuit  be  changed,  a  voltage  will  be 
induced  in  this  coil  which  will  cause  a  current  to  flow,  the 
magnetic  effect  of  which  is  to  oppose  the  change  in  the  orig- 
inal number  of  lines  of  force.  The  voltage,  as  induced,  depends 
upon  the  length  of  time  required  to  change  the  magnetic  influ- 
ence,—the  more  rapid  the  change,  the  higher  the  voltage.  The 
operation  of  all  direct  current  generators,  as  well  as  gasoline 
motor  ignition  systems,  depends  upon  this  principle. 

In  the  case  of  the  generator,  the  number  of  magnetic  lines 
of  force  threading  any  coil  of  the  armature  is  a  maximum 
when  the  plane  of  the  coil  is  at  right  angles  to  the  path  of  the 
field  force  from  the  field  coils.  This  can  be  readily  seen  if  we 
take,  as  an  example,  a  two-pole  generator  with  a  single  coil 
on  the  armature.  If  we  imagine  the  poles  to  be  in  the  hori- 
zontal position  and  the  plane  of  the  coil  in  the  vertical  position 
we  have  a  condition  of  maximum  number  of  lines  of  force 
threading  the  coil.  Now,  if  we  turn  the  coil  thru  any  appreci- 
able angle,  the  field  coils  and  pole  pieces  remaining  stationary, 
the  number  of  lines  of  force  is  decreased  and  a  voltage  is  gener- 
ated (the  amount  depends  upon  the  speed  of  rotation)  in  the 
coils  of  the  armature.  By  increasing  the  number  of  coils  in 
the  armature  the  voltage  is  increased  and  kept  more  nearly 
constant. 


The  commutator  on  the  end  of  the  armature  shaft  is  for 
reversing  the  current  as  it  leaves  the  armature,  since  it  is  a 
fluctuating  or  alternating  current  that  is  generated  in  the 
coils.  This  can  be  readily  seen  because  the  number  of  lines  of 
force  is  increased  during  one-half  of  the  revolution  and  de- 
creased during  the  other  half. 


In  the  case  of  ignition  systems,  we  have  a  similar  con- 
dition, namely,  the  change  in  the  number  of  lines  of  force 
threading  the  coil.  Ignition  coils,  primary  and  secondary, 
are  wound  about  the  same  iron  core  so  that  any  change  in 
magnetic  influence  of  one  is  transmitted  directly  to  the  other 
with  a  minimum  of  loss.  When  current  is  flowing  thru  the 
primary  or  low  voltage  coil  of  the  system,  from  a  battery,  in 
the  case  of  battery  ignition,  and  self-generated  by  the  mag- 
nets, in  magneto  ignition,  it  builds  up  a  heavy  magnetic  field, 
the  lines  of  force  of  which  thread  the  secondary.  When  this 
current  is  cut  off  by  the  opening  of  the  breaker  points,  this 
magnetic  influence  ceases.  The  change  in  the  number  of  lines 
of  force  thru  the  primary  causes  a  countervoltage  to  be 
induced  in  the  primary,  the  current  from  which  must  be 
absorbed  or  a  bad  arc  develops  at  the  breaker  points.  The 
condenser,  a  vital  part  of  all  ignition  systems,  is  employed  for 
this  work,  as  further  described  herein. 


Inasmuch  as  both  the  primary  and  secondary  coils  are 
wound  on  the  same  core,  the  effect  of  the  change  in  the  magnet- 
ism of  the  primary  has  the  same  result  in  the  secondary  in 
that  a  voltage  is  induced.  The  coil  relationship  is  such  that 
this  secondary  voltage  is  very  high  and  forces  itself  across 
the  gap  of  the  spark  plug,  causing  the  ignition  spark. 


IT  ION 

The  internal  combustion  motor  derives  its  power  from 
the  expansive  force  developed  by  the  charge  of  gas  which  is 
compressed  in  the  explosion  chamber  being  suddenly  raised 

i  a  low  to  a  high  temperature.  To  raise  the  temperature 
df  this  gas  one  must  supply  heat  This  heat  is  generated  by 

burning  of  a  part  of  the  gas  (gasoline)  which  is  com- 
ised.  As  in  the  case  of  any  burning  material,  a  definite 
length  of  time  is  required,  depending  upon  the  quantity, 
before  the  material  is  entirely  consumed.  This  last  statement 
must  be  borne  in  mind  at  all  times  when  considering  ignition 
problems. 


To  start  the  burning  of  any  combustible  substance  an  ignit- 
ing flame  or  its  equivalent,  the  heat  value  of  which  is  measured 
by  the  inflammability  of  the  substance,  must  first  be  applied. 
This  igniting  flame,  in  the  case  of  the  gas  in  an  automobile 
engine,  is  supplied  by  the  spark  which  occurs  between  the  elec- 
trodes of  the  spark  plug.  It  is  very  essential  that  this  spark 
occur  at  the  proper  time  relative  to  the  position  of  the  piston 
in  the  cylinder  as  .well  as  that  the  valves  be  in  the  proper 
position.  The  gas  must  be  compressed  to  its  highest  point 
when  the  combustion  is  completed.  AVere  there  no  time  ele- 
ment to  be  considered  in  the  burning  of  the  gas,  ignition  could 
take  place  when  the  piston  is  at  its  highest  point.  However,  in 
order  to  have  the  motor  operate  at  its  proper  efficiency,  the 
spark  is  so  set  that  the  charge  is  ignited  before  the  piston 
reaches  the  top  dead  center.  Since  the  amount  of  this  advance 
of  the  spark  before  center  depends  on  the  speed  of  the  motor 
as  well  as  its  load,  considering  all  forms  of  ignition  the  same, 
provision  both  manual  and  automatic  is  made  for  varying  the 


sparking  position.  If  the  ignition  takes  place  too  early,  the 
motor  will  have  a  knock  that  is  very  characteristic,  whereas 
it'  it  be  too  late,  loss  of  power  and  excessive  heating  will  be 
noted. 


In  the  majority  of  battery  ignition  systems  the  breaker 
cam  is  held  to  the  drive  shaft  with  some  form  of  friction 
device.  This  cam  can  be  easily  moved  and  thus  change  the 
sparking  position  beyond  the  limits  of  the  control  lever.  In 
the  high  tension  magneto  the  breaker  mechanism  is  perma- 
nently located  on  the  armature  shaft,  usually  with  some  form 
of  key.  For  this  reason  the  only  method  of  altering  the  spark- 
ing position  beyond  the  range  of  the  control  lever  is  thru  the 
driving  yoke  or  timing  gears  of  the  motor.  Alteration  of  the 
relationship  between  the  distributor  gear  and  armature  gear 
does  not  affect  the  sparking  position  of  the  magneto,  but  does 
move  the  high  tension  conductor  relative  to  the  segments  in 
the  distributor  when  the  magneto  spark  occurs.. 


There  are  at  present  two  distinctive  types  of  ignition  in 
use  on  automobile  engines,  namely,  battery  ignition  and  mag- 
neto. The  principle  of  operation  of  each  is  the  same  and  it  is 
identical  with  that  of  the  generators,  i.  e.,  the  inducing  of  a 
voltage  in  a  coil  of  wire  by  changing  the  number  of  magnetic 
lines  of  force  threading  the  coil.  The  ignition  system  is  made 
up  of  a  primary  and  a  .s>  <•<> mlnri/  coil,  a  primary  circuit 
breaker,  a  condenser  and  a  distributing  system  for  both  the 
primary  and  secondary  current.  The  primary  coil  is  one  of 
a  comparative  few  number  of  turns  of  rather  heavy  wire 
wrapped  around  a  core  of  soft  iron.  This  coil,  as  its  name 
implies,  is  'the  first  one  to  function  in  the  operation  of  the  , 


ignition  system.  The  secondary  coil  is  composed  of  a  greater 
number  of  turns  of  very  small  wire.  Since  the  secondary 
coil  depends  upon  the  changes  in  the  magnetic  influence  of  the 
primary  coil,  and  in  order  to  eliminate  as  much  as  possible 
the  loss  of  this  magnetic  influence  thru  leakage,  both  the  pri- 
mary and  secondary  coils  are  wound  upon  the  same  core. 
The  primary  circuit  breaker  is  a  mechanism  used  for  opening 
the  primary  circuit  at  regular  predetermined  intervals.  The 
condenser  functions  in  the  ignition  system  in  the  same  way  as 
an  air  chamber  on  a  water  pump,  that  is,  it  absorbs  the  surge 
in  the  pressure  at  one  interval  and  discharges  the  accumulated 
pressure  at  another  interval.  An  electrical  condenser  is  made 
up  of  a  number  of  sheets  of  electrical  conducting  material, 
usually  tin  or  aluminum  foil,  separated  by  sheets  of  insulating 
material,  such  as  paper  or  mica.  Its  complete  operation  is 
outlined  below.  The  primary  distribution  system,  in  the  case 
of  battery  ignition,  is  that  set  of  wires  which  feed  the  primary 
current  from  the  battery  to  the  coil  and  breaker  points,  and  in 
the  magneto  that  wire  or  system  of  wires  which  are  used  to 
short  circuit  the  magneto  primary  circuit  breaker  and  thus 
make  it  inoperative.  The  secondary  distribution  system  is 
that  which  distributes  the  secondary  or  high  voltage  current 
from  the  secondary  coil  to  the  spark  plugs.  In  the  case  of 
multi-cylinder  motors  this  secondary  distribution  system  usu- 
ally takes  the  form  of  a  distributor  head  moulded  from  a  high 
tension  insulation  with  inserts  moulded  in  place.  The  high 
tension  current  is  fed  to  the  center  of  the  distributor  head 
and  thru  some  form  of  rotor  distributed  to  these  inserts  and 
from  them  thru  the  spark  plug  wires  to  the  plugs. 

-In  both  the  single  spark  battery  ignition  and  high  tension 
magneto  ignition  the  primary  coil  is  first  energized,  its  mag- 
netic field  encircling  and  threading  the  secondary  'coil.  Upon 


opening  the  circuit  of  the  primary  coil  this  magnetic  influence 
ceases,  which  induces  a  high  voltage  in  the  secondary  coil. 
In  the  design  of  the  ignition  unit  the  relationship  between 
the  primary  and  secondary  coils  is  such  that  this  induced 
voltage  is  sufficient  to  jump  the  gap  at  the  plug.  At  the  time 
of  opening  the  primary  circuit  there  is  a  considerable  voltage 
induced  in  the  primary  coil  itself  and  this  voltage  tends  to 
force  current  thru  the  gap  at  the  breaker  points  even  after 
they  have  been  slightly  opened.  Were  this  condition  allowed 
to  exist  the  breaker  points  would  very  soon  burn  away.  It 
is  at  this  point  that  the  condenser  functions.  Instead  of  the 
arc  forming  at  the  breaker  points  the  condenser,  thru  what 
we  may  term  its  elastic  characteristic,  absorbs  the  current 
from  this  self-induced  voltage  and  almost  immediately  dis- 
charges it  back  thru  the  primary  coil.  Since  a  reversal  of 
the  direction  of  flow  of  the  current  reverses  the  direction  of 
flow  of  the  magnetic  lines  of  force,  the  discharge  of  the  con- 
denser reduces  the  length  of  time  required  for  the  number  of 
lines  of  force  threading  the  secondary  coil  to  change  from 
maximum  to  zero.  This  reduction  of  the  time  element  for 
the  change  increases  the  secondary  voltage  because  the  induced 
voltage  in  any  coil  depends  upon  the  time  rate  of  change  of 
the  magnetic  influence  threading  the  coil. 

The  action  of  the  high  tension  magneto  is  identical  with 
that  of  the  battery  ignition,  altho  the  resultant  operating 
characteristics  differ.  The  high  tension  magneto,  being  a 
self-contained  unit,  develops  its  own  primary  energy  thru  the 
rotation  of  the  armature  between  the  poles  of  the  strong 
horse  shoe  magnets.  The  generation  of  this  primary  current 
is  explained  by  again  referring  to  the  topic  of  generators  in 
that  the  number  of  magnetic  lines  of  force  is  changed  by  the 
rotation  of  the  armature  in  the  magnetic  field.  The  primary 


XXXI 1 


iker  of  the  high  tension  magneto  is  so  located  that 

tlu-  contact  points  open  when  the  primary  current  is  at  its 

ttest  value.    The  magneto  armature,  under  this  condition, 

-ually  from  one-eighth  to  live-thirtyseconds  of  an  inch  of 

leaving  the  pole  shoe,  when  the  spark  control  lever  is  in  the 

fully  retarded  position.    Since  the  primary  voltage,  together 

with  the  primary  current,  increases  with  an  increased  speed 

•tat ion  of  the  armature,  it  is  possible  to  break  the  primary 

nit  earlier  in  the  relative  position  of  armature  and  pole 

pit  •• 

There  is  otic  characteristic  in  high  tension  magneto  ignition 
that  is  not  found  in  battery  ignition,  due  to  the  rotation  of 
the  secondary  coil  in  the  magnetic  field.  This  causes  what  is 
called  the  "after  burning"  of  the  spark.  Also,  since  the  cur- 
rent as  generated  in  the  primary  coil  of  the  magneto  is  alter- 
nating, the  direction  of  flow  thru  the  breaker  points  is  reversed 

\  time  that  they  separate.  This  fact  reduces  the  tendency 
of  burning  of  the  points  and  eliminates  the  formation  of  a 
cone  and  crater  condition  which  is  so  often  found  on  battery 
iirnitioii  systems  which  have  no  current  reversing  feature 

rporated  in  the  ignition  switch. 


A  cutout  consists  of  an  iron  core  having  two  windings 
thereon,  namely,  a  shunt  and  a  series  winding.  The  shunt 
winding  is  connected  across  the  generator  so  as  to  receive  the 
1'u  11  voltage  of  the  generator  across  the  terminals,  and  when 
the  machine  attains  a  speed  at  which  it  develops  a  voltage  over 
that  of  the  battery,  the  shunt  winding  is  sufficiently  energized 
to  close  the  cutout.  When  the  cutout  is  closed  a  small  current 
is  caused  to  flow  in  the  series  winding  connected  in  the  main 
circuit  from  the  generator  to  the  battery,  and  this  coil  is  ener- 
gized. The  pull  due  to  the  series  winding,  which  is  much 
greater  than  that  of  the  shunt,  reinforces  the  pull  due  to  the 
shunt  winding  and  firmly  holds  the  contacts  of  the  cutout  in 
their  closed  position. 


When  the  speed  of  the  generator  is  decreased  to  a  value  at 
which  its  voltage  is  lower  than  that  of  the  battery,  or  when 
the  generator  is  at  rest,  a  momentary  discharge  of  the  battery 
thru  the  series  winding  takes  place  and  demagnetizes  the  coil. 
The  instant  the  coil  is  demagnetized,  the  tension  spring 
attached  to  the  cutout  pulls  its  contact  arm  away  from  the 
core  and  opens  the  circuit. 


i'1'TOUTS  OR  REVERSE  CURRENT  RELAYS 

The  cutout  or  reverse  current  relay  automatically  connects 
and  disconnects  the  generator  to  the  battery.  When  the  gen- 
erator is  at  rest,  the  contacts  are  hold  open  by  a  tension  spring 
on  one  of  the  cutout,  contacts.  When  the  generator  attains 
a  speed  sufficient  to  develop  a  voltage  of  6.5  volts,  in  the  case 
of  6-volt  systems,  the  cutout  is  automatically  closed  and  the 
generator  is  connected  to  the  battery. 


VOLTAGE  REGULATORS 

Most  voltage  regulating  units  consist  of  a  core  having  a 
single  winding,  this  winding  being  connected  across  the  gener- 
ator. The  current  in  the  winding  and  the  resulting  magnetic 
pull  of  the  core  will  depend  upon  the  pressure  developed  by 
the  generator.  Opposite  one  end  of  the  core  is  a  vibrating 
reed  or  contact  arm,  which  is  spring  retracted  away  from  the 


XXXI 1 1 


core.  When  this  reed  is  spring  retracted  away  from  the 
core  it  makes  contact  so  that  there  is  a  by-pass  aro*und  a 
resistance  coil,  which  is  in  series  with  the  field  winding  of  the 
generator.  With  the  vibrating  reed  in  this  position,  the  shunt 
field  winding  receives  the  full  pressure  developed  by  the  gen- 
erator. With  increasing  generator  speed  the  voltage  increases 
until  the  armature  develops  7.75  volts,  in  case  of  a  6-volt 
system,  and  at  this  electrical  pressure  the  regulator  begins  to 
function  and  will  maintain  7.75  volts  across  the  generator 
brushes  at  all  higher  speeds. 

With  increasing  generator  speed  the  voltage  will  tend  to 
rise  above  7.75.  If,  however,  this  value  is  exceeded  by  a  very 
small  amount,  the  increased  pull  on  the  vibrating  reed  of  the 
regulating  unit  will  overcome  the  spring  pull  and  it  will  be 
drawn  towards  the  core,  thus  opening  the  contacts  and  insert- 
ing the  resistance  in  the  generator  field  circuit.  The  added 
resistance  in  the  field  circuit  decreases  the  exciting  current 
in  the  field  winding  and  the  voltage  developed  by  the  armature 
tends  to  drop  below  the  normal  value  of  the  7.75  volts.  If 
the  voltage  drops  slightly  below  the  normal,  the  pull  of  the 
spring  on  the  regulator  reed  predominates  and  it  again  moves 
away  from  the  core  and  closes  the  contacts  which  short  cir- 
cuits the  resistance  and  permits  the  exciting  field  current  to 
increase.  This  cycle  of  operations  is  repeated  at  rapid  inter- 
vals and  maintains  the  generator  voltage  constant  at  all  speeds 
above  the  critical  value  at  which  it  develops  7.75  volts  with 
the  resistance  cut  out  of  the  field  circuit. 

The  rapidity  of  vibration  depends,  to  a  large  extent,  upon 
speed,  the  regulator  reed  vibrating  one  hundred  to  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  times  per  second.  The  actual  voltage  developed 
by  the  generator  is  made  up  of  a  series  of  very  fine  ripples 


above  and  below  a  straight  line,  the  mean  value  of  these  rip- 
ples being  7.75  volts,  the  constant  value  for  which  the  regulator 
is  adjusted. 

CONSTANT  CURRENT  GENERATORS.    (Third  brush 
regulation) 

The  voltage  regulation  of  all  third  brush  generators  is 
effected  by  means  of  the  reactive  magnetic  flux  set  up  by  the 
current  flowing  thru  the  armature. 

The  amount  of  current  generated  depends  primarily  upon 
the  speed  at  which  machine  is  driven  and  the  position  of  the 
regulating  brush  with  respect  to  the  two  main  brushes. 

Beginning  at  zero  speed,  the  voltage  is,  of  course,  zero,  and 
with  increasing  speed  the  voltage  increases  until  the  armature 
develops  6.5  volts,  at  which  value  the  shunt  coil  of  the  cutout 
is  sufficiently  energized  to  cause  the  cutout  switch  to  close. 

After  the  cutout  is  closed,  the  generator  begins  to  deliver 
current  to  the  battery. 

The  constant  current  generator  has  a  single  shunt  winding 
distributed  over  its  poles  and  the  regulation  is  effected  by 
having  this  winding  connected  between  one  of  the  main  gener- 
ator brushes  and  an  auxiliary  or  regulating  brush.  The 
maximum  current  generated  depends  upon  the  location  of 
the  third  brush  with  respect  to  the  main  brush  to  which  one 
side  of  the  shunt  field  is  connected.  Moving  the  third,  or 
regulating  brush,  in  the  direction  of  rotation  of  the  armature, 
increases  the  generator  output,  and  in  direction  opposite  to 
the  rotation  of  armature  decreases  the  output. 


LOCATION  AND  CORRECTION  OF  FAULTS 


To  be  able  to  fully  understand  and  intelligently  trace  the 

faults  or  trouble  that  occur  from  time  to  time  in  the  electrical 

;its  and  equipment  on  motor  cars,  it  is  essential  that  the 

iianic  be-  able  to  read  the  blue-prints  covering  their  electrical 

wiring.     Many  equipment  and  motor  car  manufacturers  i—uc 

instruction  books    containing    prints    covering    their    electrical 

equipment,  but  as  a  rule  these  are  so  small  and  the  lines  repre- 

;ng  tin-  wires  are  so  close  together  that  it  is  impractical  to 

d  hours  in  tracing  them  out.     To  enable  the  user  of  this 

Manual  to  render  service  on  the  electrical  equipment  of  motor 

with  the  fullest  possible  efficiency,  we  have  compiled  and 

laid  out  in  plainly  readable  blue-prints  wiring  diagrams  of  all 

and  the  internal  circuits  of  their  various  electrical  units. 

The  wiring  diagrams  contained  in  the  instruction  books  of 
the  various  motor  car  manufacturers  are  drawn  to  scale,  which 


Drawing   No.   1 


Drawing  No.  2 

means  a  comparatively  large  starting  motor  and  generator,  and 
a  very  small  lighting  and  ignition  switch.  In  the  following 
blue-prints  the  publishers  have  not  attempted  to  make  drawings 
to  scale,  but  have  placed  the  units  in  as  nearly  as  possible  to  their 
positions  on  the  car,  as  is  practical,  and  have  also  enlarged  such 
units  as  coils,  switches,  circuit  breakers,  etc.,  which  have  many 
wires  leading  to  them,  thereby  making  the  tracing  of  circuits  an 
easy  matter.  The  accompanying  illustrations  represent  the 
wiring  of  the  same  car — drawing  No.  1,  which  shows  a  perspective 
view,  is  drawn  more  or  less  to  scale  with  units  placed  in  their 
exact  position,  while  drawing  No.  2  is  laid  out  flat  and  with 
emphasis  made  to  the  units  which  have  the  greater  number  of 
wires  leading  to  them. 

In  tracing  electrical  troubles  from  wiring  diagrams  always 
bear  in  mind  the  fact  that  it  is  necessary  to  have  a  complete 


XXXV 


circuit  in  order  that  a  current  may  flow;  also  that  if  any  circuit 
is  crossed  with  another  circuit  or  comes  in  contact  with  the 
ground  (or  car  frame  in  the  case  of  a  single  wire  system)  this 
constitutes  a  short  circuit,  or  a  direct  path  other  than  the  one 
originally  intended,  through  which  the  full  force  of  the  current 
will  flow  and  which  usually  results  in  a  certain  portion  of  the 
wiring  being  burned  out.  Take  for  example  drawing  No.  2: 
should  wire  "A"  come  in  contact  with  the  ground  (or  return 
circuit)  at  point  marked  "B",  a  short  circuit  would  result  and  the 
full  force  of  the  current  from  the  battery  would  flow  from  the 
negative  post  of  the  battery  through  wire  "A"  to  point  "B"  and 
return  through  the  ground  "G",  with  the  result  of  burning  cable 
"A."  Or,  should  cable  "A"  have  sufficient  carrying  capacity 
to  carry  the  load,  the  battery  would  become  discharged  in  a  very 
short  time.  In  case  of  lighter  wires,  or  those  having  less  carry- 
ing capacity,  as  in  wire  "C,"  should  it  come  in  contact  with  the 
ground  circuit  at  point  "D",the  result  would  be  that  wire  "C' 
would  become  so  hot  that  the  insulation  would  burn  off  and  the 
wire  would  burn  or  become  disconnected.  Should  the  ground 
occur  at  point  marked  "E",  the  current  would  flow  from  the 
battery  through  wire  "C"  to  horn,  through  horn  to  point  "E," 
returning  to  the  battery  through  the  ground  circuit,  with  the 
result  that  the  horn  would  blow  until  ground  connection  at 
point  "E"  was  disconnected  or  the  positive  or  negative  terminal 
lead  was  disconnected  from  the  battery.  Should  wire  "F" 
become  broken  or  poor  electrical  contact  occur  at  any  point 
from  the  switch  to  the  ignition  coil,  the  result  would  be  an  open 
circuit,  thereby  making  it  impossible  for  current  to  flow  from  the 
battery  through  ignition  switch  (in  "on"  position)  to  ignition 
coil. 

To  trace  a  circuit,  taking  for  example  that  of  the  headlights, 
in  illustration  No.  2:  begin  at  the  battery,  following  the  main 


lead  to  the  starting  switch,  and  from  there  back  through  the  am- 
meter, through  fuse  to  lighting  switch,  through  lighting  switch, 
through  wire  "G"  to  head  lamps,  through  head  lamp  bulbs  to 
frame  of  car  and  through  frame  of  car  to  battery. 

Let  us  suppose  that  the  right  head  lamp  does  not  burn,  when 
lighting  switch  is  put  in  the  "on"  position,  although  the  left 
head  lamp  burns-  with  its  natural  brightness.  This  shows  con- 
clusively, by  looking  at  figure  No.  2,  that  there  is  a  completed 
circuit  as  far  as  through  the  left  head  lamp,  which  centralizes 
the  trouble  in  lead  "H"  from  the  left  head  lamp  to  the  right 
or  the  right,  head  lamp  bulb  or  lamp  connection. 

With  the  foregoing  information  and  the  following  blue- 
prints one  can  readily  repair  or  adjust  any  part  of  the  elec- 
trical equipment  of  any  car.  However,  just  as  the  repair  and 
adjustment  of  the  mechanical  elements  of  the  car  require 
special  tools  and  gauges,  satisfactory  work  on  the  electrical 
equipment  necessitates  the  use  of  electrical  tools  and  measur- 
ing instruments. 

Probably  the  most  universal  and  convenient  tool  for  check- 
ing various  points  about  the  electrical  equipment,  both 
assembled  or  removed  from  the  car,  is  a  pair  of  test  points. 
A  very  satisfactory  set  of  test  points  can  be  made  from  an 
electric  light  extension  cord  by  cutting  one  of  the  conductors 
and  soldering  a  brass  point  made  from  one-quarter  inch  brass 
rod  six  inches  long,  to  each  end,  or  extension  of  the  cut  wire. 
With  the  plug  in  the  light  socket  and  the  current  turned  on, 
the  lamp  will  light  if  the  points  are  in  contact,  either  directly 
or  thru  some  electrical  conductor,  and  will  not  light  if  the 
points  are  not  in  contact.  With  these  test  points  it  is  pos- 
sible to  determine  the  presence  as  well  as  the  location  of  open 
or  short  circuit,  cross  connections  and  grounds.  As  an  illus- 


(ration  of  the  use  of  the  test  points:  it  is  desired  to  locate 
;ble  in  a  two-unit  starting  and  lighting  system  of  which 
OTIC   pole   of   both   the   motor   and   generator   is   normally 
grounded.     The  difficulty  is  that  the  battery  does  not  stay 
charged.     The  generator  is  found  to  be  of  the  third  brush 
ntrolled  type  and  mechanical  corrections,  such  as  cleaning 
e  commutator,  sanding  in  the  brushes  and  tightening  all 
f  the  connections  docs  not  correct  the  fault.    First  remove 
he  inherent  ground  connection  and  insulate  all  of  the  brushes 
from  the  commutator.    This  can  be  done  very  easily  by  placing 
a  piece  of  paper  between  each  brush  and  the  commutator. 
•  remove  the  connection  to  the  battery  or  cutout  relay. 
The  generator  circuits  are  now  isolated,  and  by  referring  to 
the  blueprint  showing  the  internal  connections  of  the  unit 
one  can  determine  the  correct  connections  and  circuits.    For 
instance,  the  shunt  field  is  connected  across  the  third  brush 
and  the  positive  post  of  the  machine.    If  we  place  one  of  the 
points  on  the  third  brush  and  the  other  on  the  positive 
post  of  the  generator,  the  lamp  will  light  if  the  circuit  be  con- 
tinuous, but  not  if  the  circuit  be  open.    If  this  shunt  field  be 
•!  there  is  no  magnetic  field  thru  which  the  armature  must 
re  to  generate  any  current.    One  usually  finds  an  open 
circuit  of  this  nature  in  the  leads  connecting  the  different 
coils  of  the  field  or  that  leading  to  the  brush  or  brush  pigtail. 
Correction  can  be  made  by  soldering  intact  and  winding  tape 
the  connection.    Supposing  that  the  circuits  are  all  com- 
plete, then  test  for  short  circuit  or  grounds.    The  blueprints 
show  what  these  circuits  should  be  and  one  can  very  readily, 
with  the  test  points,  determine  whether  or  not  they  be  properly 
connected  to  or  insulated  from  each  other. 

One  of  the  more  common  troubles  encountered  is  that  of 
grounds  or  failure  of  the  insulation  between  the  conductors 


of  the  machine  and  the  machine  frame.  This  condition,  if 
present,  can  be  determined  by  testing  for  circuit  between  the 
conductors  of  the  various  circuits  and  the  machine  frame. 
For  instance,  as  in  the  case  just  cited,  of  the  generator  with 
brushes  insulated  from  the  commutator,  place  one  of  the  test 
points  on  one  of  the  brushes  and  the  other  point  on  any  part 
of  the  machine  frame.  In  case  of  ground,  the  lamp  will  light. 
The  armature  can  be  tested  for  ground  by  placing  one  of 
the  test  points  on  the  commutator  and  the  other  on  the  arma- 
ture shaft.  If  ground  is  found  in  the  armature  coils,  as  well 
as  short  or  open  circuit,  it  is  advisable  to  return  the  complete 
armature  to  the  factory  for  repair  since  very  extensive  equip- 
ment is  necessary  to  properly  dip  in  insulating  varnish  and 
bake  after  the  coils  nave  once  been  disturbed.  This  same 
practice  should  prevail  when  one  encounters  difficulty  within 
any  coil  of  wire  used  in  connection  with  electrical  work  when 
the  coil  has  been  treated  with  varnish.  Supposing  a  ground 
were  found  between  a  field  coil  and  the  pole  piece ;  correction 
can  be  made  by  inserting  suitable  insulation  between  the  coil 
and  pole  piece  at  that  point  where  the  insulation  is  broken. 

Failure  of  the  insulating  bushings  or  washers  that  are  used 
with  the  binding  post  studs  which  act  as  the  conductors 
through  the  machine  frame  or  housings  can  be  corrected  only 
by  replacement  of  the  bushings  or  washers. 

The  wear  of  the  brushes  leaves  a  carbon  dust  deposit  on 
all  of  the  parts  in  the  commutator  end  of  the  machine,  and 
if  this  accumulation  becomes  sufficient,  short  circuit  or  ground 
will  ensue  which  makes  the  machine  inoperative.  It  is  very 
essential  that  the  commutator  end  of  the  machine  be  kept 
clean  and  free  from  this  dust  at  all  times  as  it  tends  to  work 
into  the  bearing  points  of  the  brush  holder,  causing  the  latter 
to  become  so  sluggish  in  its  action  that  the  brush  cannot  follow 


XXTV11 


the  variations  of  the  commutator.  With  this  condition  pres- 
ent excessive  arcing  at  the  brushes  results,  and  the  brushes 
and  commutator  will  both  burn  away  in  a  very  short  time,  ne- 
cessitating new  brushes,  turning  off  the  commutator  and  pos- 
sibly new  brush  springs.  Another  condition  that  will  cause 
excessive  arcing  at  the  brushes  is  that  of  high  mica  in  the  com- 
mutator. The  copper  may  wear  away  faster  than  the  insula- 
tion, the  latter  projecting  above  the  surface  somewhat.  In 
all  generator  commutators  the  mica  should  be  undercut  about 
1-32  inch  with  a  hack  saw  blade,  which  will  eliminate  this 
difficulty. 

No  garage  can  be  considered  complete  unless  an  ammeter 
and  a  voltmeter  of  suitable  calibration  be  listed  in  their 
equipment.  The  electrical  equipment  of  an  automobile  may 
be  satisfactory  in  every  way,  apparently,  and  still  give  the 
owner  of  the  car  a  great  deal  of  trouble.  For  example,  the 
generator  may  be  charging  the  storage  battery  when  the 
motor  is  running  but  still  the  battery  does  not  hold  its  charge. 
One  may  suppose  that  the  charging  rate  of  the  generator  is 
not  sufficient  to  keep  the  system  in  condition  but  without  some 
means  of  measuring  the  actual  current  flowing  he  remains 
in  the  dark.  Further  it  is  very  inconvenient,  at  times,  to  test 
for  short  or  open  circuit  or  ground  with  the  test  points.  For 
example,  it  is  desirable  to  determine  whether  an  open  circuit 
exists  on  a  lighting  circuit  on  a  car.  By  placing  the  ammeter 
in  that  particular  circuit  with  the  switch  in  the  "on"  posi- 
tion one  can  determine  whether  current  be  flowing  or  not. 
If  there  is  current  flowing,  which  is  in  excess  of  that  drawn 
by  the  lamp,  a  short  circuit  exists  which  permits  the  current 
to  flow  thrti  the  circuit,  but  not  thru  the  lamp  which  is  of 
rather  high  resistance. 

Again,  the  test  points  may  show  continuity  of  circuit  but 
still  no  current  will  flow  when  in  its  normal  operation.  This 


condition  would  be  caused  by  a  loose  or  dirty  connection  in 
the  circuit  which  introduces  a  high  resistance  and  causes  an 
excessive  voltage  drop  at  that  point  which,  tho  allowing  cur- 
rent to  flow  when  the  higher  voltage  of  the  test  lamp  circuit 
is  employed,  virtually  opens  the  circuit  on  the  lower  voltage. 
This  condition  is  usually  found  more  in  the  starting  system 
than  the  lighting  or  generating,  and  its  location  can  some- 
times be  determined  by  the  heating  of  the  connection.  How- 
ever, the  more  satisfactory  method  is  to  measure  the  voltage 
drop,  with  the  current  turned  on,  across  all  of  the  connections 
in  the  circuit,  with  a  voltmeter  of  suitable  scale  and  calibra- 
tion. That  which  shows  the  greatest  drop  is,  of  course,  the 
one  that  is  giving  the  trouble.  For  example,  a  starting  system 
fails  to  operate  even  tho  the  battery  be  fully  charged  and  all 
connections  tight.  The  commutator  of  the  starting  motor  is 
inspected,  sanded  smooth  if  necessary  and  still  the  starter- will 
not  crank  the  motor.  By  measuring  with  a  voltmeter  the  drop 
across  the  various  connections,  we  find  that  the  voltage  thru 
the  starting  switch  is  very  much  lower  than  that  of  the  bat- 
tery. This  condition  would  absolutely  prohibit  sufficient  cur- 
rent reaching  the  starter  to  develop  any  appreciable  power. 
Upon  dissembling  the  switch  a  very  unsatisfactory  contact 
surface  would  be  found,  either  burned  or  dirty  or,  due  to  loss 
of  tension  of  the  springs,  the  contact  surfaces  are  not  held 
together  tight  enough. 

A  further  use  of  the  ammeter  and  voltmeter  together  is 
to  test  for  open  or  short  circuits  in  armature  coils.  To  test 
for  an  open  circuited  coil,  disconnect  the  field  coils  from  the 
machine,  but  leave  the  brushes  in  contact.  Now  connect  a 
dry  cell  in  the  circuit  so  that  about  eight  amperes  will  flow 
thru  the  armature.  With  a  pair  of  soft  points  as  leads  from 
the  voltmeter,  measure  the  voltage  drop  between  adjacent 
bars  of  the  commutator.  A  sudden  increase  in  this  voltage 


xxxvm 


state,  the  same  condition  results.  This  is  due  to 
the  minute  eryst.-ils  of  lead  sulphate,  which  are  formed  on 
both  plates  of  all  lead  batteries  during  discharge,  slightly  dis- 
solving in  the  electrolyte,  and  recrystalling  out,  one  upon  the 
other,  until  there  are  appreciable  crystals  formed,  making  a 
white  and  shiny  layer  over  the  whole  plate.  A  battery  in  this 

iition  acts  very  similarly  to  one  which  is  worn  out,— in 
that  its  capacity  in  ampere  hours  has  fallen  far  below  the 
manufacturer's  rating,  leading  one  to  believe  that  a  great  deal 
of  the  active  material  has  fallen  out  of  the  plates.  The  rem- 
edy for  a  sulphated  battery  is  a  long,  slow  over-charge,  at 
about  one  quarter  the  normal  charging  rate.  This  continued 
ovrr-char^o  is  necessary  because  of  the  difficulty  of  breaking 

sulphate  down  by  means  of  an  electric  current.  In  fact, 
the  fault  is  corrected  in  part  only  after  the  treatment  pre- 
scribed. Great  care  should  be  exercised  in  this  charge,  as 
well  as  for  any  other  correction  or  in  the  operation  of  a  stor- 

bnttery,  that  the  temperature  of  the  electrolyte  never 

eds  100  degrees  Fahrenheit.  Temperatures  above  this 
point  arc  accompanied  by  a  hardening  of  the  plates,  resulting 
in  lower  terminal  voltage  on  discharge,  and  carbonizing  of  the 

irators  which  reduce  their  insulating  value  and  cause  pre- 
mature failure. 

Failure  of  insulation  in  a  storage  battery,  as  well  as  any 
internal  short  circuit  due  to  foreign  material  or  high  sedi- 
ment, is  shown  by  partial  or  total  loss  of  voltage  of  that  cell, 
or  if  only  a  very  slight  internal  short  circuit,  by  rapid  loss 
of  charge. 

Evidence  of  a  broken  jar  is  very  apparent  through  leakage 
of  the  electrolyte. 


Breakage  of  a  pillar  post  or  strap  connector  is  noticeable 
either  by  the  wabble,  or  excessive  heat  generated  at  the  faulty 
connection  when  the  battery  is  being  discharged  at  a  high  rate. 

One  condition  that  may  confront  the  battery  repair  man 
which  is  very  easily  explained,  but  at  times  difficult  to  detect, 
is  the  failure  of  separator  insulation  due  to  excessively  strong 
electrolyte.  The  strong  acid  very  rapidly  attacks  the  wood 
fiber  of  the  separator  and  makes  it  appear  as  mussy  wet 
chocolate.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  electrolyte  in  this  case 
is  usually  at  least  1320  and  the  voltage  on  charge  is  normal 
but  falls  off  rapidly  on  discharge.  Remedy  for  this  fault,  in 
case  the  plates  have  not  been  too  heavily  sulphated,  is  replace- 
ment of  separators  and  very  low  electrolyte,  bringing  the 
gravity  back  with  a  slow  charge. 

REPAIRING  BATTERIES 
LEAD  CONNECTOR-SEALED  TYPE 

Before  starting  to  dismantle  a  battery,  a  sketch  should  be 
made  showing  the  inter-cell  connections  and  position  of  termi- 
nals for  guidance  in  re-assembling. 

To  remove  terminals  and  cell  connectors  center-punch  the 
tops  of  each  over  the  terminal  posts  and  drill  to  a  depth  of 
%  inch,  using  %  inch  drill  for  12  volt  batteries  and  %  inch 
for  6  volt  batteries.  Do  not  drill  deeper  than  necessary  as  it 
involves  extra  labor  in  building  up  the  post  again  when  re- 
assembling. 

To  remove  top  connections  after  being  drilled,  place  a  flat 
piece  of  steel  along  edge  of  case  to  prevent  marring  or  crush- 


xiiii 


ing  of  edges;  then  use  lever  underneath  connector  and  pry 
off.  Brush  off  the  accumulation  of  lead  and  dirt  from  top  of 
battery.  Care  should  be  exercised  to  keep  foreign  substances 
from  the  inside  of  the  battery,  especially  metal  which  may 
become  lodged  between  the  plates  and  cause  short  circuiting. 

Remove  vent  plugs  and  blow  in  the  holes  in  the  covers. 
This  should  always  be  done  before  bringing  an  open  flame 
near  the  battery,  as  an  explosive  gas,  (hydrogen),  is  generated 
in  the  battery  during  both  charge  and  discharge.  Explosion 
of  this  gas  in  the  confined  space  of  the  battery  cell  usually 
results  in  a  broken  jar.  The  moulded  rubber  vent  plugs  being 
very  brittle  and  easily  broken,  the  use  of  pliers  for  their  re- 
moval is  not  advisable. 

Soften  the  sealing  by  playing  a  soft  flame  over  the  com- 
pound. Care  must  be  taken  so  that  the  flame  does  not  burn 
the  covers.  It  is.  best  to  play  the  flame  back  and  forth,  not 
steadily  in  one  place  as  this  will  cause  the  compound  to  melt 
and  run.  A  small  flame  used  for  several  minutes  brings  better 
results  than  a  strong  flame  which  melts  only  the  surface  com- 
pound and  leaves  that  below  hard. 

Use  a  heated  screw  driver  (to  prevent  adhering)  and  dig 
out  the  compound.  After  all  the  compound  has  thus  been 
removed  apply  the  flame  to  the  inside  of  the  jar  (through  vent 
tube)  for  an  instant,  then  run  a  hot  putty  knife  around  the 
edges  between  jar  and  cover. 

Place  the  battery  on  the  floor  and,  holding  firmly  between 
the  feet,  grasp  the  terminal  posts  with  two  pairs  of  pliers  and 
lift  the  element  and  cover  out  together.  Let  the  elements  rest 


at  an  angle  on  top  of  jars  to  drain.  While  the  elements  are 
draining,  apply  flame  around  the  terminal  posts  and  lift  off 
covers. 

/ 

If  separators  are  in  good  condition,  and  a  jar  replacement 
only  is  necessary,  set  the  element  in  electrolyte  or  water  until 
ready  to  replace.  If  separators  are  to  be  changed,  separate 
the  positive  and  negative  groups  by  grasping  the  elements 
firmly  by  the  posts  and  working  slowly  back  and  forth. 

The  smallest  opening  in  a  separator  may  cause  a  short  cir- 
cuit which  may  not  be  discovered  until  the  battery  has  been  in 
use  again  for  some  time.  When  separators  have  turned  black, 
they  are  carbonized  and  their  life  is  virtually  gone.  To  re- 
move separators,  take  a  long  bladed  knife  and  run  it  between 
the  plate  and  the  separator.  It  is  always  best  to  renew  the 
separators.  Separators  should  never  be  allowed  to  become 
dry,  but  should  be  kept  immersed  in  a  very  weak  solution  of 
electrolyte. 

Inspect  plates  to  determine  whether  or  not  they  require 
replacement.  If  battery  has  been  overheated  through  over- 
charging or  snort  circuiting,  this  will  be  indicated  by  brittle 
and  buckled  plates,  with  active  material  granular  and  falling 
away  from  the  grid.  Plates  in  this  condition  will  have  to  be 
replaced. 

The  condition  of  the  positive  plates  can  be  ascertained  by 
using  the  blade  of  a  knife.  If  they  are  fairly  hard  and  have 
neither  lost  too  much  of  their  surface  nor  become  extremely 
buckled  they  can  be  used  again. 


XL1V 


The  condition  of  the  negative  plates  is  very  often  such  that 

they  may  be  used  attain  with  new  positives.     In  this  case  the 

five'  group  should  he  immersed  in  water  to  prevent  the 

mil  drying  out  through  heating  by  exposure  to  thP  air. 

Occasionally  it  hap])ens  that  one  or  two  plates  in  a  group 

:re  replaeement  while  the  balance  of  the  plates  are  in  good 

iticii.    In  this  ease  ne\v  plates  may  be  used  in  replacement. 

nip  of  Imckled  plates  which,  when  re-assembled,  will  not 

go  into  the  jar  readily,  should  be  replaced  with  a  new  group. 

Invert  the  case  over  a  sink  and  thoroughly  cleanse  the  jars 
hy  inserting  a  hose  and  injecting  a  stream  of  water  into  each. 
Be  sure  that  all  sediment  and  foreign  matter  is  removed  be- 
fore replacing  the  elements. 

Inspect  the  jars  carefully  for  cracks  or  holes.    Jars  ex- 
hibiting such,  regardless  of  the  size  of  the  imperfections, 
uld  be  replaced  with  new  ones. 

To  remove  a  jar  fill  it  with  boiling  water  and  allow  it  to 
stand  for  a  few  minute's.    This  will  loosen  the  sealing  com- 
pound surrounding  the  jar.    Grasp  the  edges  of  the  jar  with 
two  pairs  of  pliers  and  pull  it  straight  up.    Care  should  be 
so  as  not  to  damage  adjacent  jars. 

The  new  jar  should  be  heated  before  being  placed  in  the 
case.  When  the  jar  has  been  heated  either  with  boiling  water 
or  flame,  it  should  be  pushed  into  place,  taking  care  that  the 
top  of  the  jar  is  level  with  the  others.  If  not  lined  up,  the 
top  connectors  will  be  uneven,  and  as  a  result  present  a  very  . 
amateurish-looking  job. 


To  assemble  an  dement,  place  the  positive  and  negative 
groups  on  a  clean,  tl.it  surface.  Always  make  sure  that  it  is 
free  from  lead  scrapings  or  foreign  substances  of  any  kind, 
as  these  substances  will  adhere  to  wet  separators,  which  will 
cause  short  circuiting  of  the  plates.  Intermesh  the  positive 
and  negative  group.  As  the  negative  group  contains  one 
more  plate  than  does  the  positive,  both  outside  plates  will  be 
negative. 

Lay  the  element  on  its  edge  and  insert  the  separators  be- 
tween each  pair  of  plates,  the  grooved  side  of  the  separator 
next  to  the  positive  plate.  Carefully  check  up  separators 
after  assembling,  as  omitting  a  separator  would  cause  con- 
siderable trouble. 

Take  the  element  by  the  pillar  posts  and  lower  gently  into 
the  jar.  This  should  be  done  very  carefully  to  avoid  breaking 
the  jar. 

If  the  cover  does  not  fit  close  to  the  terminal  posts,  or  the 
wall  of  the  jar,  the  openings  should  be  calked  to  prevent  the 
melted  sealing  compound  from  flowing  into  the  jar. 


Pour  the  compound  so  that  it  will  fill  all  spaces  and  reach 
to  a  height  level  with  the  top  of  the  case.  Also  see  that  it  flows 
evenly  over  the  whole  surface. 

Before  applying  connectors, , see  that  the  terminal  posts 
are  free  of  all  compound  and  dirt. 


XLV 


Using  an  ordinary  pocket  knife,  clean  the  inside  of  the 
connectors.  Then  clean  the  tops  of  the  connectors  with  a  file, 
to  remove  dirt  and  oxide,  so  that  they  can  be  properly  united. 

Before  applying  the  terminal  connectors,  test  all  cells  with 
a  voltmeter  to  see  if  they  are  set  up  properly.  The  connectors 
should  be  applied  so  that  the  positive  of  one  cell  is  connected 
to  the  negative  of  the  next  cell. 

In  welding  connectors  and  terminals  to  the  posts,  fuse  the 
top  of  the  post  with  the  edges  of  the  hole  in  the  connector. 
Melt  strips  of  lead  and  allow  the  molten  metal  to  run  into  the 
hole  in  the  connector.  Care  must  be  taken  to  see  that  the  top 
of  post  and  the  inside  edges  of  the  connectors  are  properly 
melted  together  before  adding  additional  lead.  If  this  is  not 
done,  poor  contact  will  result.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to 
melt  the  outer  edges  of  the  connectors. 

After  burning  the  connectors  and  terminals,  mark  the  posi- 
tive terminal  (+)  and  the  negative  (— ). 


CHARGING 

Fill  battery  with  electrolyte  and  start  to  charge  at  one  half 
the  normal  charging  rate  and  continue  until  gravity  stops  ris- 
ing. During  the  development  charge  take  occasional  temper- 
ature readings  and  if  the  temperature  of  any  cell  exceeds 


100°  F.,  lower  the  charging  rate,  or  discontinue  charge  until 
the  cell  cools.  The  strength  of  the  electrolyte  used  for  filling 
the  battery  largely  depends  upon  the  condition  of  the  plates. 
If  all  new  plates  are  used,  gravity  should  be  1.300 ;  if  positive 
renewal,  1.285 ;  if  old  and  sulphated  plates,  1.100,  and  if  old 
and  not  sulphated  plates,  1.250. 

If  the  battery  has  new  plates,  twice  its  rated  capacity  will 
be  required  for  the  development  charge.  If  the  plates  are  old 
and  badly  sulphated,  more  time  may  be  required. 

Any  cells  which  have  not  been  repaired  should  be  left  out 
of  the  circuit  during  the  first  half  of  the  developing  charge. 
They  may  then  be  connected  into  the  circuit  and  the  whole 
battery  brought  to  full  charge. 

When  the  charge  is  complete,  adjust  the  gravity  of  the 
electrolyte  to  1.280  to  1.300.  To  do  this  remove  some  elec- 
trolyte from  the  cell  and  replace  with  pure  water  until  de- 
sired gravity  is  reached ;  or  remove  electrolyte  from  the  cell 
and  replace  with  1.400  acid,  according  to  whether  the  cell 
reading  is  high  or  low. 

Clean  off  the  top  and  sides  of  battery,  cover  terminals  and 
connectors  with  vaseline  and  the  battery  is  then  ready  for 
service. 


XLVl 


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